Callicles Gorgias

Rebecca L. Hunt Stickiest Point #1 1. THE CLAIM: â€Å"The man who’ll live correctly ought to allow his own appetites to get as large as possible and not restrain them. † –Callicles, Gorgias 491e-492a. 2. CALLICLES’ ARGUMENT: Callicles claims that one should fill his appetite as much as possible. Socrates’ view on a happy life requires self mastery which means that your appetites and emotions are controlled and you mind manifests order. Also, Socrates’ ideal happy person would not do what is morally wrong.Callicles argues that if you live a life like Socrates wants, you are living like a corpse or a stone. Callicles believes that â€Å"living pleasantly consists in this: having as much as possible flow in† (494b). To truly be happy, one needs to be constantly filling his appetite to the maximum capacity. This is not possible for many. The people who cannot fulfill their appetites are apparently embarrassed and â€Å"their own lack of courage leads them to praise self-control and justice† (492b).According to Callicles, the rules created by the weak â€Å"enslave† the more naturally gifted men. For the ones born into power, Callicles believes that they should defiantly feel shameful that they let the talk of the people and the laws that rule them stop him from filling his appetite. 3. CRITICISM: Callicles is wrong to think that one should fill his appetite constantly and to the fullest. This may seem like a pleasant life but it is defiantly not a fulfilling one.You need more goals and ambitions that are not just centered on what you want. . One could argue that everybody does not have appetites that are bad and selfish, but Callicles is defiantly referring to the self-indulgent ones. Callicles theory is similar to Darwin’s â€Å"survival of the fittest†. Both believe that the strongest creatures will rule and take over the weaker ones Callicles is also wrong in saying that the strong sho uld do whatever they feel and the weak need to quit holding them back with rules.He believes that the â€Å"weak† create these rules because they are jealous and embarrassed at their own incompetence. It is not that the weak are jealous; they just want order in their cities. If the strong had the ability to do whatever they feel then many people would suffer. Why would a city want a majority of its citizens feel inferior to just a handful of, what I would call, bullies? This includes people born into power. Just because they are rulers does not give them the right to not have any kind of ethics or morals.They should actually do the opposite of what Callicles says and set an example for their people and lead good, self-disciplined lives. Smart people should have more of a right to rule the people, but only if they are trying to work for the greater good. They should not have ultimate power but I would rather a room full of smart, morally good men rule a city then selfish men c onstantly trying to always fulfill their own appetites.

Neanderthals/Modern Human Interbreeding

In the advent of modern technology, it was found out that the now-extinct species of the Neanderthals do share a common ancestry with the modern human beings. This was through the analysis of the Neanderthal bone DNA from discovered Neanderthal fossil specimens. These Neanderthals were proven to be similar in the genetic makeup as compared to the modern human beings. This is despite the fact that Neanderthals and the modern human lineage have separated ways for some 370,000 years (Mozes; Gianaro). But then, the query lies whether or not the Neanderthals and the early human beings have interbred, which could have led to what the humans are now in the present. The Neanderthals, discovered way back in the 1850’s, are seen to be greatly related to the early human beings. This is because they were able to practice certain behaviors that are seen to be similar with that of the human beings, like burying their dead, skinning animals, building fires and being able to utilize tools made out of wood and stone. The difference they exhibit lie on their physical structure, wherein these Neanderthals are stockier than human beings, have comparably larger noses, muscle definitions, brows, and relatively larger brains. In relation to the coexistence of the Neanderthals and the early human beings, there are fossil evidences that these Neanderthals have existed in around 230,000 years ago in the European and western Asian regions. Dating back around 40,000 years ago, the early human beings, Homo sapiens, started moving northward, their migration patterns away from Africa, towards the European and Asian lands. And in a span of 10,000 years, the existence of Neanderthals have started to cease, vanishing from the old places they were situated, then had been isolated into smaller populations. After a few thousand years, they have totally disappeared from the face of the earth. The Neanderthal man was considered as the subspecies of the Homo sapiens, the species where the human beings are classified with. They got their name from the place where the remnants of the first Neanderthal were discovered, in Neanderthal, Germany. It was a valley where the fossils of the Neanderthal were unearthed. It was either classified as Homo sapiens neandertalensis or Homo neandertalensis depending on how scientists view them. Some scientists classify the Neanderthal as its own species, apart from Homo sapiens because of the large number of differences in the anatomy between Neanderthals and human beings (Gianaro). The anatomical structure of the Neanderthal has somewhat explained that they were the primary hominids to have survived and thrived in the harsh conditions of an extremely cold environment. They existed at the time of the glaciations in Europe, wherein they were forced to live and survive in the icy areas of the continent. Their bodies were built for adapting in these cold conditions, like their squat, stocky build which is efficient for maintaining the body temperature under the extremes of the cold environment. They have also developed large powerful muscles in their bodies which have proven to be useful in hunting animals in the cold. This is because there was no abundance of plants that could bear fruits that they can eat, leaving them with meat as their only choice. There bodies showed a lot of difference from that of the Homo sapiens. The H. sapiens contemporary of these Neanderthals which are from Africa and Asia have a relatively smaller skull and brow ridge thickness. With their differences laid, it is clear to see that humans and Neanderthals have a clear distinction, which may or may not have lead in what was speculated by other researchers as the result of interbreeding of the species. Some of these scientists say that even though they were different, they have interbred, which leads us to what the human beings are today. The present human beings have probably been the products or the cross between Neanderthals and the early Homo sapiens. Some say that these answer why the Neanderthals have disappeared, because they have blended in with the early human ancestors (Hsu). One of the studies that lead to the opening of doors for the idea of the Neanderthal interbreeding with early humans was when Neanderthal bones have been analyzed and underwent DNA sequencing. This study was done under the U.S. Department of Energy’s Berkeley National Laboratory and the Joint Genome Institute has yielded astonishing results regarding the similarities of the human and Neanderthal genes. The study arrived at a 99.5% similarity or identity between the two. But this doesn’t necessarily mean that there are evidences of crossbreeding between early human beings and the Neanderthals. The study has opened the door to the understanding that the early Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis shared a common ancestor around 700,000 years back time (Yarris and Rubin). This group of researchers, led by Edward Rubin, the director of the Joint Genome Institute and the Genomics Division of the Berkeley Lab, has achieved to establish the development of the Neanderthal metagenomic library, which was used for analyzing and characterizing more than 65,000 DNA groups which is rooted to Neanderthal ancestry. This is gives a new look at studying the Neanderthals, not only providing new information to the science world, but of further understanding these early hominids. This is essential in finding more about the roots of man, shedding new light to human origin. Erik Trinkaus, a resident anthropologist of the Washington University in St. Louis has published a set of new data analysis regarding the early modern human fossils. This was done along with his Romanian colleagues in the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, wherein they have speculated a proof of the transition between Neanderthals and humans. The 30,000 year old bones that were unearthed in Pestera Muierii, a Romanian cave, was said to have resemblances in both Neanderthals and humans (Billings). What these similarities suggest was the possibility that early human beings and Neanderthals may have mated with each other and have successfully produced an offspring. According to Trinkaus, these Muierii fossils were the remnants of the early modern human beings plus some three or four characteristics which resembles that of the Neanderthals. This includes the bulge which is located at the back of the cranium. He said that these could either be a sign of re-evolving from the African ancestors or has acquired them as descendants of those who mated with the Neanderthals. This finding by Trinkaus has been disputed by two other top anthropologists, which are Jeff Scwartz from University of Pittsburgh and Ian Tattersall of the American Museum of Natural History (Billings). According to these anthropologists, the diiference that Trinkaus see as the product of the crossbreeding of the Neanderthals and early modern human beings, were actually the result of normal variation of species. Variations like being chunky or slender, tall or short are most probably the results of species variation rather than interbreeding. These are the things that make them distinct from other species, since no two species are exactly similar with each other. The bulge on the head that Trinkaus claims were actually is the wedge-shaped snouts of the Neanderthal fossils and a depression in the back of their heads, instead of a bulge. These differences in their findings were actually the result of their different attacks on the topic. Trinkaus point of view was more on the aspect of the physical differences that species has undergone. He attributed the size and built of the unearthed specimen as a character of the Neanderthals, while having features the same of that of the early modern human beings. He didn’t consider the possibility of a species variation, like when there are tall and short human beings. Schwartz and Tatersall considered the aspect of this species variation, and have dismissed the findings of Trinkaus. But they have agreed with the similarity which was brought about by the genetic makeup of the Neanderthals and the human beings. Furthermore, their idea dismisses the possibility of interbreeding happening on early modern human beings and the Neanderthals. Though they have almost the same genetic makeup, it doesn’t mean that they are able to interbreed with each other, though they are different species. What the genetic similarity would establish is that they are both coming from the same lineage, the same ancestry, that have branched out hundred of thousand years ago. In the advent of technology, researchers are able to find that Neanderthals are similar to that of the early modern human beings. Because of these they were able to establish that we came from the same ancestry as that of the Neanderthals. There were researches that points out that the present day human beings might have been the result of the interbreeding between the early modern humans and the Neanderthals, but there are also researches that dismisses this findings. We share the same lineage as that of the early hominid Homo neanderthalensis but it doesn’t necessarily mean that we are the result of them interbreeding with early modern human beings. The idea is nonetheless probable, but is close to being implausible. References: Billings, Lee. â€Å"Genetic and Fossil Evidence Comes Together to Reveal a Hidden Chapter of Human History.†Ã‚   2006. Neanderthals in Our Midst.   Seed Magazine. May 7 2007. . Gianaro, Catherine. â€Å"Humans, Neanderthals Share Common Ancestry, yet Have Nothing in Common after Evolutionary Split of Two Species†.   2006.   University of Chicago Chronicle. May 7 2007. . Hsu, Steve. â€Å"Neanderthal-Human Interbreeding â€Å".   2006.   Information Processing. May 7 2007. . Mozes, Alan. â€Å"Neanderthal DNA Shows No Interbreeding with Humans, the Two Groups Do Share 99.5 Percent of Their Genes, However†.   2006.   Health On the Net Foundation. May 7 2007. . Yarris, Lynn, and Edward Rubin. â€Å"Neanderthal Genome Sequencing Yields Surprising Results and Opens a New Door to Future Studies†.   2006.   Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. May 7 2007. .      

Ch23+24 Apush Notes

AP US History Review Sheet – Chapters 23 and 241. In the Presidential election of 1868, U. S. Grant’s victory was due to the votes of former black slaves. 2. In the late 19th century, those political candidates who campaigned by ‘waiving the bloody shirt’ were reminding voters of the treasonous Confederate Democrats during the Civil War. 3. A weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City’s infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast. 4.The Credit Mobilier scandal involved railroad construction kickbacks involving the Union Pacific Railroad. 5. One cause of the Panic of 1873 was the construction of more factories than the market could bear. 6. As a solution to the panic of 1873, debtors suggested inflationary policies. 7. One result of Republican ‘hard money’ policies was to help elect a Democratic House of Representatives in 1874, and later the creation of the Greenback Labor party. 8. During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans had few significant economic differences. 9. The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s aroused great interest among voters. 10. One reason for the heavy turnouts and partisan fervor was the Gilded Age was sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties. 11. During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties was political patronage. 12. The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. 13. The Compromise of 1877 resulted the end Reconstruction, and the withdrawal of federal troops from the South. 14. The seque3nce of presidential terms of the ‘forgettable presidents’ of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland’s two non-consecutive terms) was Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, and Cleveland. 15. In the 1896 case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that ‘separate but equal’ facilities were constitutional. 16. At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African-Americans with poll taxes (made illegal in federal elections via the 24th Amendment in 1964, and in state elections subsequent to that via Supreme Court ruling), literacy tests (made illegal by the Voting Rights Act of 1965), grandfather clauses (made illegal by Supreme Court decision in 1915), and economic intimidation. 17. The legal codes that established the system of segregation were called Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow was the name of a character in a minstrel show. 18.The railroad strike of 1877 started when the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent. 19. Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in the use of federal troops during strikes. 20. In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the U. S. Congress passed a law prohibiting immigration of Chinese laborers to American (the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. ) 21. One of the main reasons that the Chinese came to the U. S was to dig for gold. 22. Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was James Garfield. The third was William McKinley, and the fourth and last was JFK.23. President James A. Garfield was assassinated by a deranged, disappointed office seeker.24. The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to take a competitive examination, and outlawed the requirement that federal workers contribute to election campaigns.25. With the passage of the Pendleton Act, politicians now sought money from big corporations.26. The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for its personal attacks on the two candidates.27. U. S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, and Chester Arthur were all Republicans. Grover Cleveland was a Democrat. Cleveland and Wilson would be the only Democrats elected between 1860 and 1928.28. On the issue of the tariff, President Grover Cleveland advocated a lower rate.29. The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election was tariff policy. 30. In the later decades of the 19th century, it was generally true that the locus of political power was Congress.31.The early Populist campaign to create a coalition of white and black farmers ended a racist backlash that eliminated black voting in the South.32. The political developments of the 1890s were largely shaped by the most severe and extended economic depression up to that time.33. Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of a pro-silver leader – a charismatic young Congressman from Nebraska – William Jennings Bryan.34. President Grover Cleveland aroused wide-spread public anger by his action of borrowing $65 million in gold from J. P. Morgan’s banking syndicate.35. During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons built their railroads with government assistance.36. The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteent h century by providing railroad corporations with land grants.37. The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was the Great Northern.38. The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was the railroad network.39. The U. S. hanged to standard time zones when the major rail lines established the division of the continent into four zones so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks.40. Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called pools.41. Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by state legislatures.42. The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the Interstate Commerce Commission.43. One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it represented the first large-scale attempt by the fe deral government to regulate business.44. After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the U. S. helped to build the nation into an industrial giant.45. One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was elimination of as much competition as possible.46. Carnegie – steel; Rockefeller – oil; Morgan – banking; Duke – tobacco; Vanderbilt – railroads.47.The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of Henry Bessemer (the Bessemer Process, which made it possible to make a better grade of steel, at a better price. )48. J. P. Morgan monitored his competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as an interlocking directorate.49. America’s first billion-dollar corporation was United States Steel.50. The first major product of the oil industry was kerosene.51. The oil industry became a huge business with the invention of the internal combustion engine.52. John D. Rockefeller used the following tactics to achieve success in the oil industry – extorting rebates from railroads, pursing a policy of rule or ruin, employing spies, and using high-pressure sales methods.53. The gospel of wealth, which associated godliness with wealth, discouraged efforts to help the poor.54. The Fourteenth Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments.55. The Sherman Anti-trust Act was at first primarily used to curb the power of labor unions.56.During the age of industrialization, the South remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.57. In the late 19th century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor attracted textile manufacturing to the â€Å"new South. †58. The group most effected by the new industrial age was women. 59. The image of the â€Å"Gibson Girl† represented an independent and athletic â€Å"new woman. †60. Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor corporations.61. In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won an eight-hour workday for government workers.62. The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when labor would operate business and industries.63. The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the American Federation of Labor.64. By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless, the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor.65. By 1900, organized labor in America had begun to develop a positive image with the public.66. Historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the U. S. because America has g reater social mobility than Europe has.67. The following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion: a political climate favoring business; a large pool of unskilled labor; an abundance of natural resources; and American ingenuity and inventiveness.68. The first transcontinental railroad was completed by the construction efforts of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific railroads.

Formal Research-based Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Formal Research-based Proposal - Essay Example The National Cancer Institute provides updated information on the deathly costs of smoking: â€Å"People who smoke are up to six times more likely to suffer a heart attack than nonsmokers, and the risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked. Smoking also causes most cases of chronic lung disease.† Clara Phyllis, an employee in the organization, testified to the harms of smoking: â€Å"I’ve been smoking since I was 14 years old. Now, I have lung cancer. I wish I quit earlier.† Cigarette smoking is connected to the productivity of employees and the performance of the organization because it impacts their welfare. Smokers are three times likely to be absent or late because of their smoking-related illnesses, John Hopkins, a human resource staff, reports. Hopkins underscores the need for addressing smoking at work because he notes that people spend more time working than at other places. He advocates for a centralized effort in addressing this health and firm problem. Since smoking occurs at the workplace, it is important that the company implement a comprehensive workplace-smoking program to benefit the employees and the organization. This paper proposes a wide-ranging workplace-smoking program for the company. Background The organization needs a program that will address the needs of educating smoking employees about the consequences of their smoking and helping them to quit this bad habit. Alley Dimple, another HR staff, has recently collected information about smokers at work. She says: â€Å"Around 5 out of 10 people are smoking several times a day. Many of them are constantly sick with colds and other smoking-related diseases. They are more absent, or late, or in need of medical insurance because of smoking.† Her report shows the urgency of addressing smoking because it affects the health of the employees, while reducing their respective performance. Dimple notes that people need to be educated in why they have to stop smok ing and how they can do it: â€Å"Smokers need guidance. They need to be directed on their way towards recovery. This addiction can be stopped, but it is not something they can or we can do overnight.† She emphasizes the importance of education at the workplace to this effort. Smokers can change their smoking behaviors through education and other organization forms of support. HR staff Hopkins agrees with Dimple that firms need to support smoking cessation programs: â€Å"Smokers are not fully aware of the impacts of their smoking on themselves on others. At the same time, they need help quitting their bad habit. Getting help, however, is not something they do voluntarily easily.† He underscores the role of companies as networks of support. Healey and Zimmerman assert in their book that workplace smoking cessation programs are â€Å"more cost effective than many other clinical prevention services† (321). Adult smokers quit more rapidly when their workplaces are supportive of their efforts (Healey and Zimmerman 321). Apparently, a workplace systems approach can be used to understand the impact of organizations on employees. See figure 1, The Smoker in the Workplace. It explains the environmental factors that impact smoking cessation. Figure 1: The Smoker in the

The Rise of the Global Economy following WWII Research Paper

The Rise of the Global Economy following WWII - Research Paper Example This calls for a system that can stabilize the economy. Following the need to have a control system, the 44 nations that convened in Breton woods charted the way forward. A British economist by the name John Maynard stressed the significance of rule based regimes that can stabilize the international business. His suggestions were accepted in Briton wood fixed exchange rates. This article discusses the Breton wood system, which was established in 1944 at Breton wood conference. It begins with the analysis of the economic situation after the First World War, and afterwards discusses the significance of creating a supranational organization that assist in trade flows. In addition, the most significant adjustment resulting from the establishment of this system is explained. The system started to develop immediately after the Second World War, when several countries wanted to go back to the old financial security system that existed before the war. This was the gold system. It was require d that every country that took part in the international trade should have their money backed by reserves of gold and foreign currencies. However, many mistakes during implementation of the gold standard resulted in the collapsing of financial and economic relations between countries. To curb these problems, all countries tried to raise the competitiveness of their export so as to decrease the payment of deficit through deflation of the currency. However, this worsened the situation and resulted in international deflation competition that brought about mass unemployment, bankruptcy of companies, failing of credit organizations, and high inflation in affected countries. As such, a stabilization modality was necessary (O'Hara, 1994). These issues occasioned several monetary conferences. During the Second World War, there was a need to set up a system that could stabilize the currency, and at the same time avoid the mistakes that were made in the past. During the conferences, it was pl anned to put in place innovative monetary systems and an independent institution that could oversee all the actions that were taken. The main negotiations took place in Breton in 1944. Forty four countries attended the conference to find a solution to the past problems. International Monetary Fund and World Bank were created in the process of these negotiations. There was also an agreement to have a system of fixed exchange rates, with United States dollar as the main currency. The plan on how the system could operate was put forward by two notable economist of that time, that is, John Maynard (British economist) and Harry White (an American minister of state in treasury). Harry called for the establishment of bank of recovery (World Bank) and International Stabilization Fund. On the other hand, Maynard was calling for the same, but he differed with Harry because he wanted the International Monetary Fund to create funds and have powers to take any action on a larger scale. When ther e was an imbalance in payment, Maynard wanted both the creditors and debtors to change their policies - he wanted nations with surplus payment to increase their imports from nations with deficit, hence creating foreign trade equilibrium. However, white saw the problem of imbalance as concerning the nation that has a deficit. In the conference, the value of US dollar was defined in terms of gold and all

Website Critique of Novotel Hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Website Critique of Novotel Hotel - Essay Example Novotel conducts business in both Brick & Mortar and Click & Mortar modes. Novotel has got offices and a chain of luxurious hotels in major cities all over the world. They provide residential and event arrangement services as well as consultancy for travelling and tourism ventures. Novotel can be approached by conventional means i.e.any one can walk into the office and acquire their services or hire their expertise, such a setup is referred to as Brick & Mortar. Companies and business that do business online as well as by conventional means are referred to as Click & Mortar. Click and Mortar is quite different from pure Click setups yet it is possible to get mixed up between the two. How ever the basic difference is that pure click setups only offer their services online where as Click & Mortar setups do business both online as well as the old fashioned face to face way. Novotel tries to attract individual tourists to use their services in the long run and facilitates its customers in great deal. Novotel offers several packages for summer tours, family packages which are all aimed at locating travelers and tourists round the world in specific seasons. The company wants to retain its customers in the long run and offers several products like loyalty card which provides several facilitations to the customers. Here the web portal acts like a Business to Customer portal i.e. B2C. Novotel intends to attract corporations for establishing their corporate business model. Novotel accomplishes this by offering to organize their business meetings, dinners/lunches, meetings, seminars, conferences and other events at their prime locations. With all these services Novotel secures clients in the corporate sector who need arrangements for their new product launching ceremonies at their premises. Novotel also offers special rates to the corporate delegates, business tour plans and wants to establish long term business relationships with the corporate

Latin AM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Latin AM - Essay Example This is primarily focused on seeking refuge and overall fight for these minors’ rights and freedoms. Democracy per se lacks in most of Central American nations states. The immigration â€Å"crisis† in the U.S. is due to favourable immigration policies that were adopted by the government (Washington 111). In the United States, human dignity is aptly upheld. Both the minor and adult immigrants are equally represented in the constitution. An equal representation of people in the U.S. is the key reason as to why the thousands of Central American minors are fleeing into this country. The surge of minor Central American refugees has significantly increased. In fact, it has doubled in volume every year. As many of minor refugees have no parents or legal guardians available to provide them with physical care or custody, they resolve to migrate. The U.S. government considerately due to minor immigration adopted favourable caretaking policy for these immigrants (Soerens & Jenny 101). These provisions have even worsened the situation more thus resulting into refugees â€Å"crisis† in America. The local border patrols in the coming years will be in for a rude shock. This is due to extra-ordinary immigration into the U.S. There would therefore definitely be an â€Å"outburst† immig rant’s population in the U.S refugees’ camps. The views of the major partners on the issue of immigration â€Å"crisis† have over a long period been same and contradictory. This is because American society is both a multicultural and multi-lingual one. The incoming Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY), for example perceives this issue as an entanglement of the U.S. expenditure. Immigration debate in the Senate emerged to be a major reason for the entanglement of the U.S. spending bill (Washington 146). The executive order by president Obama on immigration even worsens the situation. According to Mitch, this was an extra-ordinary execution of power by the president. This move

The Innovation of the iPod Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Innovation of the iPod - Case Study Example "Timing and execution are everything. Being first in an emerging market is neither as important nor can be as lucrative as designing the right products and services to cater to second- and third-stage growth .A smart company commands a premium for successfully blending off-the-shelf technologies into a new and useful product. Essentially, the iPod is a portable hard drive (in the Shuffle and Nano models, a flash drive) hidden inside a simple and beautiful enclosure, accessed through intuitive menus, buttons and a scroll wheel .separately, these parts were forgettable, but together they became unforgettable, Instead of creating a good product and knocking down the price until everyone could afford it, Apple has sold stripped-down versions at lower price points and hoped demand would follow. This strategy helped create Apple's bestselling music player, the bipod Mini." The development of the iPod is well reminiscent of the complex task of an entrepreneur who has to take all the monetary and intrinsic risks which will ultimately bring him success or failure in the cruel world of technology and innovation. (CNN Money 2005,Collingwood, H. 2005)As far back as in the year 2005 financial forecasters were predicting that the stock price of Apple Computer, Inc.had witnessed an increase of almost 6 times its original size . (CNN Money 2005,Collingwood, H. 2005) All this success can be attributed to the iPod digital music player which was introduced only a few years ago and has met unmatched success than any of its contemporary products and thus is an excellent study model in the field of entrepreneurship and innovation.The product itself has accelerated the growth of Apples digital music player market in the USA and has helped Apple increase its third-quarter sales to increase by 75 per cent within a single year. (CNN Money 2005,Collingwood, H. 2005)This success is puzzling for most critics in the sense that when originally introduced the iPod was neither the first digital music player, nor initially compatible with the majority of personal computers ( it was only compatible with Apple's own Macintosh computers, which only had a 4% market share of US computer sales). (CNN Money 2005,Collingwood, H. 2005) Before going on to discuss the success story of the iPod entrepreneurship it is worth reviewing what Product innovation entails for the entrepreneurial success. The concept of product innovation pertains to the whole process of bringing a new product or service to the market and which include the stages of product conceptualization, design and development. (Dyson, J.1997) More importantly there will be a need to improve upon the conceptions of production and distribution of the new product. (Dyson, J.1997) As the name suggests that the "innovation" pertains to the something new in terms technology and creativity .The innovation process will involve the activity of people and organisations who will be able to change themselves and the environment. (Dyson, J.1997).One of the most brilliant examples of product innovation comes from IBM which has become popular for successfully transforming itself from a provider of hardware-based products to more software-based services .

Revisit my anwser to the question in week one What is Wisdom Essay

Revisit my anwser to the question in week one What is Wisdom - Essay Example My initial conception of this view mainly derived through the book, The Last Days of Socrates by Hugh Tredennick and Harold Tarrant, has been reinforced by further readings of authors like William Thomas, Aldous Huxley, Joseph Piper, Victor Frank. Before reading Socrates, I was focused on the materialistic concepts of wisdom, believing that wisdom, within context of modern life, refers to the success a person achieves materialistically. But after mulling over the philosophical musings of these renowned authors, I became aware that one’s spirituality definitely plays a key role in evolving his individuality by which he strives for the pursuit of wisdom, and there by acquires happiness. Thus my distorted perception of human wisdom and welfare transformed drastically through the treasure trove of knowledge I could acquire from the profound works of these great men. They promulgated the concept that living the life of a values, guided by spiritually and motivated by true virtues, for the common good of humanity is one philosophy that can salvage the man’s soul rather than hours together spent in religious rituals or millions of sermons chanted to appease gods. It now transpires to me that wisdom is the essential thread that holds together the astute concepts of spirituality, philosophy, ultimate happiness and there by supreme attainment of the soul. This, I understand, is the true meaning or purpose of life. The impact of this has enabled me to think positively and see life in a new perspective and meaning as the realization dawns on me that overall what the present world lacks is the essential insight into the need of spirituality due to which its focus const antly shifts to the wrong direction of materialism. And, unfortunately humans fail to realize where this ignorance, that entails from the lack of wisdom, is going to take them. The works of authors like Socrates, Thoreau, Huxley, Piper and Frankl read and

The Battle for Stirling Bridge Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Battle for Stirling Bridge - Case Study Example Employees are the superior stakeholders of the company. Employees work towards the objective of the company. The skilled metal workers of the Stirling Bridge Company manufacture power tools including the Braveheart tools and other light and heavy industrial machinery and thus they exert their sphere of influence in maximizing the profit. Employees are the superior stakeholders of the company. Employees work towards the objective of the company. The skilled metal workers of the Stirling Bridge Company manufacture power tools including the Braveheart tools and other light and heavy industrial machinery and thus they exert their sphere of influence in maximizing the profit. Customers: Customers play a major role in the development of the organization as they are the consumers of the product produced by the company. The customers influence the company by giving feedback about the quality of the product. Suppliers: Raw materials are the main resources of an organization. Suppliers provide the necessary raw materials and influence the continuous production of the tools. Government: The organization should get the approval of the government before commencing its productions. The concern should abide by the rules and the standard acts imposed by the Government. The Government has full authority to take legal action against the company if any of its activities harm society.   Thus each of the stakeholders exercises their own influence in different areas of interest in the company thereby promulgating the production to a profitable extent.2. How might the actions of Stirling Bridge, with respect to its Braveheart line of tools, be regarded more as a stakeholder approach as opposed to a strict shareholder approach and which of Lantos’ types of Corporate Social Responsibility might be demonstrated by each of the actions taken?

E-Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

E-Business - Research Paper Example In the competitive world of business, the existing business organisations are trying to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage that strives to ensure a sustainable growth for the organisation. The prevailing scenario of the business world is the outcome of multiple factors where globalisation plays a very crucial role. Globalisation has itself offered better opportunities for trade and commerce as it has helped to enhance international trade. Moreover, the technological advancement is another key factor that has contributed significantly towards the growth prospect. The world economies have experienced a massive development in the fields of information & communication technology, transportation, infrastructure, research & development etc. All these improvements have changed the entire social and economic arena and now the entire business world is successfully incorporating and utilising these technical improvements to gain a better and sustainable competitive advantage over the prevailing highly competitive business world. In this regard, e-business and e-commerce are two most crucial technological developments that have revolutionised the entire business world. The present day businesses have recognised the potential for e-business and e-commerce and most of them have already identified and incorporated e-business and e-commerce as an integral part of their strategic management.

Twelfth Night Lit Analysis Essay Example for Free

Twelfth Night Lit Analysis Essay â€Å"The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination† – Albert Einstein. This cannot be more true in the case of William Shakespeare. In regards to his play Twelfth Night his creative genius is seen in his ability to create sharp and clever characters through perfectly crafted plots and themes. His aptitude to generate characters that goes against the dictate of society such as Viola and Maria marks him as one of the greatest playwrights of his age. However, his facilities as a writer are made known through his ability to twist and manipulate words and language to his own benefit. Shakespeare’s play on words and witty language serves to entertain his audience in the most complete sense possible. He does this throughout the entire play, but when discussing his use of language the character of Feste must be considered, especially since he may be regarded as Shakespeare’s mouth piece. As it will be discussed Shakespeare’s intellect is not shown in his ability to create carefully crafted plots and his magnetic writing style but his innovation in creating a world of words and enigmatic characters. Viola maybe considered the main character of the play, her character is sly and cunning. Shakespeare’s treatment of her is nothing short of utter brilliance. Viola’s ability to adapt to her surroundings and produce sharp comments in little space of time shows her as one of the most clever characters. She comes up with this almost impractical idea to masquerade as man and the fact that she gets the sea captain to agree with it shows her persuasiveness and boldness. Not only that but her plan panned out for a full three months- as stated by Duke Orsino â€Å"Three months this youth hath tended upon me† ( act 5, scene 1)- without no one being none the wiser. It is in her disguise that we see her true intelligence and witty disposition. Also her language and her delivery of it shows her impudent nature. OLIVIA Stay: I prithee, tell me what thou thinkest of me. VIOLA That you do think you are not what you are. OLIVIA If I think so, I think the same of you. VIOLA Then think you right: I am not what I am This conversation shows her ability to make quick retorts and while she does this she hints at her deception with the truthfulness of the last line, without Olivia letting on. In doing so it is revealed just how crafty she is. Her character truly does mirror Shakespeare’s ingenious mind. Similarly the brazen character of Maria demonstrates Shakespeare’s aptitude to create clever characters. Like Viola who comes up with an idea for her own benefit although somewhat necessary, Maria concocts this scheme against Malvolio to let him think Olivia confesses her love for him in the form of a letter. She uses his own ambition against him and makes him out to be a madman that at one point even he is tempted to believe, even though he maintains he is quite sane. Even though it was said to be in jest, some might look upon it as a cruel act as Malvolio was not deserving of this type of treatment. Nevertheless she is a witty character that Shakespeare uses to highlight the brillianc e and strong character of women. In addition Shakespeare produces a masterpiece out of his work Twelfth Night through his hilarious playful language. The character that Shakespeare uses most to do this is Feste and Shakespeare does this because the character or role of Feste allows him to get away comments and retorts that others might not have. An instance of this is his conversation with Olivia wherein he calls her a fool for mourning her brother for seven years and all the more fool for mourning if she believes his soul is in heaven. â€Å"The more fool, madonna, to mourn for your brothers soul being in heaven. Take away the fool, gentlemen† this line not only serves to give immense joy and laughter for the audience but highlights the privileges given to an Elizabethan jester for saying such things without recompense. This humorous language is also seen with Feste’s play with words; â€Å"No such matter, sir. I do live by the church for I do live at my house, and my house doth stand by the church† Feste plays with words and relates them with so much zeal that the audience cannot help but be amused. It is also seen with the lines â€Å"why sir her name is a word, and to dally with that word might make my sister wanton. But indeed, words are very rascals, since bonds disgraced them† It is because of this that he calls himself â€Å"corrupter of words† and in this we see the instability of language. It is not only Feste that gets the audience to laugh because of humorous language. Sir Andrew also does this, although his misrepresentation of words is unintentional. His incompetence with language and misuse of words provide comic relief for the audience. â€Å"What is pourquoi? Do or do not do? I would I had bestowed that time in the tongues that I have in fencing, dancing and bear-baiting: O, had I but followed the arts!† the silliness of it all functions to heighten the dramatic appeal of the play and increase audience’s pleasure. The humorous and playful language of the play lets our imagination roam free and that alone shows Shakespeare’s astounding creativity. In conclusion it can be said that William Shakespeare is truly a mastermind with his wild imagination in creating witty and crafty characters and his ingenious use of language torments the audience with laughter and amusement. Fabian’s line â€Å" If this were played upon a stage now, I could condemn it as an improbable fiction† shows that Shakespeare is aware of the plays’ unlikely disparities but nevertheless his skill makes it truly a work of art. WOLMERS HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIRLS Literatures in English Unit 1: Module: 1 Christina Thompson L6H1 November 19, 2012 Question ‘Shakespeare’s creative genius is demonstrated by his witty characterization and humorous language’ Discuss the extent to which this is a fair assessment of the comedy Twelfth Night. REFERENCES http://shakespeare.mit.edu/twelfth_night/full.html http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/twelfthnight/canalysis.html http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/a/albert_einstein.html http://www.shakespeare-online.com/plays/characters/violabio.html

Symbolic Mediation Internalization Learning Process And Zpd Education Essay

Symbolic Mediation Internalization Learning Process And Zpd Education Essay Second language acquisition (SLA) is a relatively new field, which was seen as an adjunct of language teaching pedagogy before 1960s (Myles, 2010). Ellis (1994) defined three aspects that are responsible for L2 acquisition: external factors (social factors, input and interactions); internal factors (learners existing knowledge and internal mechanisms) and individual learner factors (P. 193). The social factors was investigated under heavy influence from Vygotskys Zone of Proximal Developments (ZPD). In this paper, major focus would be around the notion and application of ZPD, including: defining ZPD and key concepts of Vygotskys theory relating to ZPD: symbolic mediation, internalization,learning process, the role of interlocutor and learner; comparing Vygotskys social cultural theory (SCT) with Piagets cognitive theory; comparing Vygotskys Zone of Proximal Developments with Krashens notion of i+1 hypothesis Symbolic mediation, internalization , learning process and ZPD The social-cultural theory, stemmed from Vygotskys thoughts claims that the language learning process is socially mediated (Lantolf, 2000). Lantolf (1994) stressed that from Vygotskian perspective, the higher forms of human mental activity are always, and everywhere, mediated by symbolic means (P. 418) The symbolic mediation refers to the external process via symbolic signs or tools in social context through which learner can control mental process after internalization (Lightbown Spada, 2006). Lantolf (2000) regards language, among all the symbolic tools, as the most powerful psychological tool (P. 81). Through the mediation of language, the child or learner learns how to perform a task or solve a problem with the help from a more skilled individual (Mitchell Myles, 2004). In other words, the learning process starts as an inter-mental activity, by the more skilled individual sharing through talk, and ends as an intra-mental activity, with the shared knowledge taken in by the unski lled individual. Thus, according to Vygotsky, learning includes two stages: shared understanding in social context through symbolic mediation (mainly in the form of dialogue) and internalization of the shared knowledge by individual. The learning process from a Vygotskyan perspective is described as new concepts continue to be acquired through social/interactional means (Mitchell Myles, 2004, P. 147). Vygotsky defines the concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD), as the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 86). In other words, the role of more advanced interlocutor is stressed by assisting individual crossing the gap between actual level (what the learner can do alone) and potential level (what the learner can achieve with help). The learner is cognitively prepared for solving more complex problems if supported by an interlocutor. More importance has been attached to social interaction between learner and interlocutor, which is regarded as a causative force in acquisition (Saville-Troike, 2006, P. 111). Vygotsky versus Piaget Zuengler and Miller (2006) reviewed the ongoing debates on whether a separation should be made between second language acquisition and second language use and the debates on the commensurability of theories from different schools. It may be interesting to notice that the differences between sociocultural theory and cognitive theory bear relationship with their origins -Vygotsky, the father of socioculture theory and Piaget, the father of cognitive theory. Piaget and Vygotsky are among the earliest proponents to link childrens language development with their cognitive development (Lightbown Spada, 2006). For Piaget, the cognitive development for children is realized through interaction with things around them and is presented by language which is not different from Vygotskys view. They share the view of learner as a social human being who are learning through interaction with environment and of learning and development as a contextually embedded process of interactions (Vianna Stetsenko, 2006, P. 85). However, the dissimilar emphasis that they place on social interaction leads to three major differences. For Piaget, children learn and develop in the environment. For Vygotsky, children not only learn and develop in the environment but also change it through interaction. Therefore, for Vygotsky, language is seen as a more powerful symbolic mediation (Lightbown Spada, 2006). The second difference is adaption versus transformation (Vianna Stetsenko, 2006, P. 87). For Piaget, human develop by assimilation and accommodation to adapt to the environment, whereas for Vygotsky, human develop by actively changing the environment. The third difference lies in their view of the priority between learning and cognitive development. For Piaget, children need to be cognitively prepared to a certain stage before learning, while for Vygotsky, precedence is given to learning instead of development. Therefore, Vygotsky argue for teaching or learning within ZPD, where learners could do more with scaf folding from interlocutors than their independent performance (Zuengler Miller, 2006). ZPD versus i+1 Second language scholars have suggested the feasibility of integrating Krashens i+1 with Vygotskys zone of proximal development (ZPD) based on their similarities. Dunn and Lantolf (1998) have stated the incommensurability of these two concepts not only because they are unrelated but also because they are based on incommensurable theoretical discourses (P. 411) In Krashens view, humans acquire language in only one way-by understanding messages, or by receiving comprehensible input . . . that contains structures at our next stage- structures that are a bit beyond our current level of competence (Krashen, 1985, p. 2). More specifically, three factors contribute to language learning learners internalized grammar,namely the i, input containing linguistic structure a bit beyond learners current level, namely the i+1 and learners internal language processing mechanism (LAD) For Vygotsky, as mentioned above, ZPD is defined as those functions that have not yet matured but are in the process of maturation (1978, p. 86). A more holistic picture has been drawn with respect to language learning learner, interlocutor, their social cultural backgrounds, their goals and motives and all the resources available (Dunn Lantolf, 1998). Learning and development occur in both situations, where learner will surpass their current level either with assistance from a more advanced interlocutor within learners ZPD or with acquisition of linguistic structure i+1, which may contribute largely to their seemingly similarities. However, it would be cautious to notice as well that the development occur with a comparison of learners current level, that is learner himself. Therefore, it would be less justifiable to view the development in Krashens term as an equivalent to that in Vygotskys theory. Also it would be more reasonable to notice that the construct of ZPD and i+1 cannot stand without considering the theocratical frame that they root in respectively. Therefore, a comparison would be made between theories that have incubated these two constructs with respect to the relationship between learning and development, the consequence of learning, the role of language, learner and interlocutor and the role of social interaction. The fundamental difference between Krashens theory with Vygotskys theory is their diverse view on the relationship between instruction learning and cognitive development. Krashen hold the view as a separatist, who perceive learning under instruction and cognitive development as two independent process (Dunn Lantolf, 1998, P. 491). Therefore, Krashen intentionally draw a line between learning and acquisition, arguing that only though subconscious acquisition can comprehensible input be acquired, and learners cognition be developed. Conversely, Vygotsky presented a dualistic quality to development, that is whether learning consciously or not, a mutual influence exists between learning and development ( Dunn Lantolf, 1998, P. 491). Thus, learners are learning and developing at the same time, and the site where learning and development meet is called ZPD. Secondly, Krashen and Vygotsky differ in their view of the consequence of learning, based on their divergent view on learning and development. For Krashen, the outcome of learning is the linguistic structure that is a bit beyond learners current level, and with the acquisition of this feature, learner has developed cognitively, ready to obtain the next i +1. Whereas for Vygotsky, learners are developing along the whole learning process, which means that not only the immediate future, but also the maturing process account for development (Dunn Lantolf, 1998, P. 422). Therefore, it is the variability between acquisition and Internalization (Kinginger, 2002, P. 418). Thirdly, the roles of language, learner and interlocutor are interpreted differently. From Krashens point, language is conceived as a container of linguistic features with comprehensible input and learner as a container with Language Acquisition Device (LAD), the individual process mechanism built inside minds, and the assistance from interlocutor is not necessary (Dunn Lantolf, 1998, P. 418). In contrast, from Vygotskys perspective, language is one of the the most powerful psychological tool of semiotic mediation system (Lightbown Spada, 2006, P. 81), and thus representing the mediated forms of cognition (Dunn Lantolf, 1998, P. 426). Both learner and interlocutor are portrayed as a social human being, with motivation and social cultural identity, instead of a loner with an innate ability to process (Kinginger, 2001, P. 419). Moreover, unbalanced attention is given to social interaction in the frame developed by Krashen and Vygotsky. Krashen assigned relatively little importance to social interaction due to the existence of LAD, despite his support for a weak form of interaction: meaning negotiating proposed by Long (1996). In other words, Krashen argues that the strong form of interaction such as scaffolding or peer collaboration as well as learner output bear no direct relevance to SLA (Dunn Lantolf, 1998). In contrast, social interaction is viewed as the medium and the result of development by Vygotskian scholars (Kinginger, 2001, P. 422). Thus in order to maximize learners acquisition, interlocutor should scaffold the learner along ZPD and learners comprehensible output is as important as comprehensible input. Conclusion Over the past decade, there has been an increasing number of SLA researches conducted under the influence of socioculture theory (SCT) based on the work of Vygotsky (Ableeva Lantolf, 2011; Brooks Swain et al., 2010; Kinginger, 2002; Knouzi Swain et al., 2010; Lantolf, 2007; Foster Ohta, 2005; Swain Deters, 2007; Swain Lapkin et al, 2009). This theory differs from other theory describing the SLA in the stance that social environment is not only a learning context but rather a significant contributor to language acquisition (Swain Deters, 2007). Thus the concept built in SCT framework such as ZPD, cannot be viewed separately away from its origin, which implies that it would be best for any future comparison or commensuration of concepts from unlike theories be made with their roots considered. Also the incommensurability precisely add the value to the theory building in SLA field, not only for the sake of the this particular school itself but also for a helpful reflection for ot her schools.It is with this sharp comparison between different perspectives, a more holistic picture can be draw for L2 acquisition, despite the criticisms been made and the debates ongoing (Zuengler Miller, 2006). Lantolf (1996) have shown his welcome for a future of letting all the flowers bloom in SLA theory building and I simply cannot agree more with him (P.713-49).

Comparison of Characters in Aphra Behn’s The Fair Jilt and Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa :: Compare Contrast Richardson Behn Essays

Comparison of Characters in Aphra Behn’s The Fair Jilt and Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa Superficially the characters Clarissa Harlowe and Miranda seem, not only to be extremely different, but complete opposites. Clarissa is an exemplary model of virtue and goodness. Samuel Richardson presents her as a chaste and innocent daughter. She is forced from her duty by a conniving brother into the arms of a manipulative man. She is the victim. Miranda is the villain of The Fair Jilt. Aphra Behn portrays her as a woman who knows what she wants and will do anything to get it, including murder. Miranda has no regard for family and is driven only by her desire for quality. On first reading, it seems that Miranda is manipulative and Clarissa is being manipulated. However, if one looks closely at these two characters, it becomes clear that they have a great deal in common. Both women are strong, intelligent and independent. Lack of parental control influences both of them, as do the inheritances they both receive from deceased family members. The characters of Clarissa Harlowe and Mi randa, although strikingly different, are also revealingly similar. Miranda and Clarissa both lack parents. Miranda’s parents pass away, leaving her an orphan and completely alone in the world, except for her sister. Her lack of a guardian gives her a large amount of personal control. Miranda must decide what to do with her life. â€Å"†¦the fair Miranda, whose parents being dead†¦ put herself into this enclosed religious house† (Behn 32). The phrase â€Å"put herself† is very important to both the story and the character. Miranda now has power over herself and this is both new and dangerous. Her freedom from parental control also has a heavy influence on her courtships and eventual marriage. If her father were still alive, Miranda would not have chosen her own husband. Her match with Prince Tarquin probably would not have come to pass. Although Prince Tarquin has a great name and â€Å"quality,† he does not have a lot of money. Miranda’s obsession with Henrick also would never occur because she wou ld never have entered the convent. Likewise, Clarissa suffers much from the absence of her parents. Her father is weakened by the gout. In his absence, James Harlowe Junior takes control of the family. Throughout the novel, Clarissa is asking her father to take control and tell her what to do.

Importance of Change in Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Essay -- Ray Bra

Importance of Change in Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is change? Webster's Dictionary, defines change as to cause to become different; alter; transform; convert. Many things, people, and world events are able to change. Years of peace may be shattered by one act of terrorism. Technology changes how people interact and work in the world. People also change. Many do not see any wrongdoing internally, and remain the way they are. However, there might be outside factors that help them realize what is wrong with them or the lifestyle they choose to take part in. According to Preston Bradley, "I don't care how much a man may consider himself a failure, I believe in him, for he can change the thing that is wrong in his life any time he is ready and prepared to do it. Whenever he develops the desire, he can take away from his life the thing that is defeating it. The capacity for reformation and change lies within." Throughout Fahrenheit 451, Montag, a dedicated fireman and book burner, sees pleasure and titillation from burning books and destroying lifetimes of important ideas. When outside influences put confusion in him, he begins a series of changes, eventually becoming a revolutionary in a society where books are valued.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many factors contribute to the changes found in Montag. One of the first influences during the story is the exquisitely observant Clarisse McClellan. She is different from all of the others in society who like to head for a Fun Park to bully people around," or "break windowpanes in the Car Wrecker." She likes to observe people, and she observes Montag, diagnosing him as a "strange...fireman." He is "not like the others" because when she talks, he looks at her, and when she said something about the moon, he looks at it. Clarisse tells Montag that he is different from the other people. He has something inside of him that makes him "put up with" her. Clarisse makes Montag look at himself for the first time when she asks him, "Are you happy?" Montag thinks that she is talking nonsense, but he realizes that he truly is not happy. Something is missing from his life. Looking at his lifestyle, he found that the "only thing that I [Montag] positively knew was gone was the books I'd [he'd] burned in ten or twelve years." Clarisse helped Montag to start to think for himself, instead of letting the society... ...he society outside values books, and by joining it, Montag shows that he is changed from rebel to the ultimate rebel, a soldier of an army that has a strong influential power because of it's attraction to books and their meanings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Fahrenheit 451, Montag, a dedicated fireman and book burner changes character and opinion through the help of influential characters and events, gradually transforming into an individualistic person of the society, a rebellious soldier in an army of readers. Montag first changes when he meets Clarisse, opening his eyes and being able to see his own faults and those of the society. He changes further when he questions himself and thinks about his lifestyle after learning how powerful the meaning in the books are when the woman insists on dying. Montag learns the importance of books in the society when he meets Faber, learning how the meaning in books can be applied to what is happening in society. Killing Beatty shows his change from being a passive reader and spy to an active revolutionary. Finally, Montag's changes are completed when he joins the organization that values books, therefore becoming a soldier of an influential army.

Beloved - Toni Morrison :: essays research papers

Confidence and violence: relationship between women in â€Å"Beloved† The story told in â€Å"Beloved† contains a process of memorialization and change. In this process, the relationship between women is very important. Some relations are dominated by violence and hate, others are full of confidence and love. In those relationships rememory and storytelling are important factors, because the women get to know each other better by telling stories about the past. They get to know much more about each other, through which their relationship dà ³es change. When Sethe arrives at 124 Bluestone Road, Baby Suggs doesn’t know her at all. She only knows Sethe ‘s her daughter-in-law, the woman who married her son Halle and who gave him four children. And yet she helps Sethe immediately. At 124 Bluestone Road, Baby Suggs creates a space, which provides warmth and certainty for Sethe and her children, just as 124 is for the whole community. â€Å"124 was †¦ night long.† (p.86) I think it really adorns Baby Suggs that she was such a warm person, especially to Sethe and her children. In fact she opens her house and her heart to the whole community. When Beloved arrives at 124, she immediately takes part of the family life. Sethe dà ³es really like it to have another daughter living with them and she’s flattered by Beloved’s open devotion. â€Å"Sethe was†¦his teacher.† (p. 50) Denver in the beginning also likes Beloved’s presence. The three become a real â€Å"family†: they ice skate, drink cocoa, dress up in bright colors and ribbons. Their relationship is mostly positive. But as soon as Sethe understands who Beloved is, Beloved's claim on her is total. Sethe no longer goes to work; she attends to Beloved's wishes. Denver - who once was the most important person in Sethe’s life - tries to make claims on both Beloved as a sister and Sethe as a mother, but she is gradually shut out of the relationship. Sethe doesn’t want to tell much about her past to Denver, but to Beloved she tells nearly everything. â€Å"It became†¦incomplete reveries.† (p. 58) Ultimately Denver and Sethe are bound to Beloved. The three are fixed on story-telling, although it hurts Sethe, she keeps telling nearly everything about her past to Beloved. One day, they go to the Clearing, a space in the wood that was "wide-open" and blessed, where it was â€Å"possible to love†. Sethe comes to this place to figure out what to do with her past.

Martin Luther King and Abraham Lincoln Essay

Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King were two very similar orators who wanted to achieve almost identical goals. Abraham Lincoln was the president of the United States and the leader of the Anti-Slavery Republican Party. His speech was delivered on the nineteenth November 1863 mat Gettysburg during the ‘Great Civil War’. His primary objective was to abolish slavery and he did this partly by indirectly telling his audience, such as, purposely forgetting his status and addressing his ‘Fellow countrymen’ with intense respect which consequently reflects his beliefs in equality. Martin Luther King, a Baptist Minister, was the leader of the Civil Rights Movement. He performed his speech almost one hundred years after Lincoln’s speech on the twenty eighth August at Lincoln’s memorial. King believed in egalitarianism and he also wanted to end segregation; this is what both orators set out to do. Lincoln and King have similar purposes for their speeches but targeted them in different ways. Influenced by the great legend Mahatma Gandhi who also himself was a non-violent freedom fighter, King wanted to gain black people’s freedom the same way as Gandhi, in a non-violent protest. Lincoln had a similar contractual obligation. He was to abolish slavery. He conveyed this in his concise speech ‘for the people’. Both King and Lincoln have implicit messages in their speeches. Lincoln, apart from trying to abolish slavery, also promoted ‘The honored dead’ and making people understand what their ‘fathers’ had done for them and what is left for them to do. King, on the other hand, apart from trying to gain black people’s freedom, evokes a feeling of disgust by the use of metaphors to induce an image of the ‘governor’s lips’, ‘dripping with the words of interposition and nullification’ which evokes a sin ister feeling within the audience which King hoped to achieve as it would divert the ‘Negro’s’ mind and evoke a feeling f disgust towards the government. King targets his audience cleverly. He explicitly targets the majority of the black people, who still, ‘one hundred years later’, and ‘must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free’. This clearly shows that King is telling his audience that even today after ‘one hundred years’ the ‘Negro’ are, ‘ still not free’. He implicitly talks to the ‘governor’s’; concurrently he is talking to the ‘Negro’ community by changing their views towards the ‘governor’s’. King is trying to provide a vivid reflection for the ‘Governor’s’ to make them realize what they are doing and how much better they could make if they abolish slavery and put an end to segregation. Alternatively, Lincoln’s audience was probably affluent white people from Northern US. Although King had the advantage of the TV, Radio, media and Microphone, Lincoln’s speech wa s just as well heard as King’s speech. The use of emotive words engages both King and Lincoln’s audience. King unifies his audience at the ‘table of brotherhood’ which, apart from unifying the audience also has a religious impact on the black people as they were extremely religious and an indirect reference to Jesus and his disciples would have caused immense unity between the audience. This metaphor apart from providing unity, it also is a very peaceful metaphor as it includes everybody. In contrast, Lincoln believes that their ‘nation’ is ‘under God’. These religious references amalgamate the audience and make them think that they are doing this for ‘God’ and that they are ‘God’s children’. Both orators structure their speeches in similar ways. The speech is structured in chronological order as it bequeaths a rhythmic feel. Firstly they talk about what their ‘fathers’ had to go through to get them this far, then they move into the present where both speech makers clearly make it noticeable that they talking about ‘now’. King introduces his future ingeniously by stating that he has ‘a dream’, which circuitously shows what he wants it to be like in the near future for his ‘four little children’. This poignant language also evokes sympathy not just for King but also for people around them who are going through the same traumatic experience. Different tones area applied by both orators to conjure up diverse feelings. Lincoln uses a sincere tone to compliment his feeling to abolish slavery when he addresses his ‘fellow countrymen’. On the other hand, King uses a powerful voice to ‘Let freedom ring’ and to strengthen the speech to emphasize his beliefs of ‘freedom’. Lincoln also has a sense of vigor in his tone which shows how the soldiers ‘nobly advance’ and which portrays the strength of his own voice as well corroborating other people simultaneously. Religious and biblical manners are used by both speechmakers, which has a great impact on the nation at the same time, as persons at that time, especially black public were very religious. Lincoln refers to the people being ‘under God’ which would convey a thought of great expectations in the minds of the listeners. King says that the ‘glory of the Lord shall be revealed’, which meant that if they work together, then they can create a better world for themselves and for their children, so if they stick together and protest they will see the reward. Both raconteurs coerce their audience by the use of different strategies. They both use analogous strategies to portray their views. Lincoln and King use the same strategies; however, King uses them extensively. Both use the rule of three but King take one-step further and converts it into repetition. When King repeats ‘Let freedom ring’, it emphasizes how much the black ‘community’ wants ‘freedom to ring’. However, Lincoln repeats two words in particular, ‘great’ and ‘nation’. The repetition of ‘great’ show the importance that can be achieved out of a ‘great civil war’ to form a bond between the people present and to say, if we are a ‘nation so conceived and so dedicated’ then we can tolerate the hardship and pain of war. The use of emotive language evokes a more personal feeling. King refers to his children to add a sympathetic feel to his speech. He also uses biblical references such as when ‘the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning’ keeps his audience interested by implicitly saying it will be done and it grants hope to his audience. On the other hand, Lincoln’s use of emotive language is more biblical rather than personal. The only reference to a more personal feeling was when he talked about their ‘fathers’ to call to mind a nostalgic upshot and to say how disrespectful it would be to go against the equality that our ‘fathers’ created ‘this continent a new nation’. King and Lincoln use alliteration in the same way. King uses alliteration to show ‘a desert state sweltering sweltering’, which too, portrays the immense heat of injustice. An onomatopoeic effect to give a sense of power to the ‘government of the people, by the people, for the people’ due to the repetition of the ‘P’. Martin Luther King and Abraham Lincoln intentionally use language to persuade their audience to fight freedom in a non-violent disapproval. Both orators take advantage of the uses of language to achieve their primary aim. Lincoln juxtaposes the ‘civil war’ with ‘great’ to encourage the greatness of war and what can be achieved out of this battle to abolish slavery. King juxtaposes ‘the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice’. Apart from being a metaphor, alliteration is also inserted and an expectant pause is added to let the audience reflect on what King had just said. Both speechmakers, to transmit a compassionate emotion use emotive language. In conclusion to my analysis Martin Luther King’s speech was the most effective only to the obvious reason that his was of a longer length so it contained more within it. Lincoln’s speech was nearly as good as King’s speech because he also interleaved messages inside his meaning which as a consequent added depth to his speech and made his speech almost as superior as King’s. King’s speech was good too for the reason that he could express his views openly as he had more time as well as more technology to reach more people.

The appreciation and feasibility of higher education

As an rising bowl of lavnistervass there argon many ch entirelyenges and inquiries that evoke when unity decl bes high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) commandment as a expanse of prospect. Some sight like Dennis Mileti ( 2003 ) could blowsy decl atomic number 18 that since people dialogueed nearly soupcon Management as a subject, and so it is. Philips ( 20032 ) . In specifying higher schooling as a field of travel along there atomic number 18 inquiries that depart summon us for octogenarian ages to come as they pretend for the old ages ago. Position documents get out be written, perspective challenged, arguments entered in cut finished of study commissions, turf conflicts waged in ammonium alum councils Phillips ( 20032 ) . The argument is sometimes rock-bottom to the inquiry of whose definition of field of survey to be used. Philips ( 20032 ) suggests that we need to undulate and analyze the yesteryear while contemplating the hereinafter.How distant we ar with higher affirmation as a field of survey and what government agency is it taking. We need to look back and render where we come from. harmonizing to Goodchild ( neodymium ) the survey of higher direction has non yet reached adulthood and possesses many of the properties of scholarly field. He contests that programmes knowing to fix individuals entry in higher commandment exist in profuseness. He as well as separates that there are almost eight hundred professors who think of themselves as professors on higher learning. This suggests that these professors would hold light(a) agreed with Mileti ( 2003 ) in that when people intercourse of something therefore it is. We need to look at what characterizes higher focussing and higher information as a field of survey in peculiar. Although in the past a couple of(prenominal) decennaries there was really small literature sing higher instruction as a field of survey, new enquiry suggests the antonym at the pr esent. Hobbs and Francis ( 1973 ) and Francis and Hobbs ( 1974 ) were able to that the suppositious enquiry available in the corrective diaries was rare in the higher instruction. They in any case found that there was small unmistakable usage of periodical literature of the a priori findings Kellems ( 1975 ( 3 ) , 135-154 ) . Goodchild ( neodymium ) suggests that there is a cycleing literature that deals with as mixtureed split of higher instruction sphere. So, this suggests that we are so traveling in a way.let us expend this definition of a field of survey so that we faecal matter all be at par. This has no purpose to sabotage or grudge any matchless s mind. Can we hold that as a field of survey, higher(prenominal) fosterage is much than embracing on the champion manus, and does non hold its ain theoretical foundation, on the separate? it relies on academician subjects such a societal scientific discip landmarks to spring up the educational procedure. Maybe it is because of this basic demonstrate that we have seen less funding in the field of survey than in the academic Fieldss. Thingss have changed now, or they promising to exchange or we need to alter things around.In the following subject I neediness us to look at the lively-hood and the sustainability of the field.Appropriateness and feasibleness of search within higher instruction.What can we look at and make up ones mind that we can take higher instruction as a field of survey? The argument comes back at one time more than(prenominal). When we look at the clip line of higher instruction we recognise many alterations with clip before 1994 and the state of affairs after 1994. By 1994, there were in south Africa 36 higher instruction Institutions, which were structured along racial and pagan lines and characterised by a crisp specialisation between universities ( 21 ) and technikons ( 15 ) OECD, ( 2008 ) . overbold lines would be drawn or are cosmos drawn off from those of the yesteryear. Universities are annoy downing to see the bigger image now. Where all establishments want to go Centres of excellence. Some have chosen to go entrepreneurial university and other practical universities. the inquiry remains, how we become specializers in higher instruction if there is no specialization in higher instruction as a field of survey. How are the lectors ready to decease into the organizational aims? Nzimande, ( 20093 ) negotiations about the cardinal grosbeak characteristics of higher Education and Training System. athe system of HET testament be prolonged by an institutional ungenerous that is both diverse and differentiated any bit good as being conceptualized as an integrated and consistent entirely in which pie-eyedingful skill tracts are developed across institutional and body of work instruction and cooking signifiers. Nzimande ( 20093 ) the people responsible for the development of these acquisition tracts are the higher instruction pract icians. This sets out a challenge to all duologue at Higher Education Institutions to prosecute in research in order to turn to the challenges that the curate of higher instruction negotiations about in the subject policy development. other(a) subjects in higher instruction would accept but non restricted to higher instruction direction and leading, plan planning and development, research, enactment surveies ( workplace to larning topographical point and larning topographic point to workplace ) . I come across the followers as possible countries of research in higher instruction. The green musical composition on Skills development ( 1997 ) aimed to develop an curb accomplishments development system which promoters economic and custom growing and societal development through a focal point on the instruction preparation and employment operate . if no 1 is making research on higher instruction we albuminthorn neer happen out what this representation and hence higher instr uction establishments may neer be able to come forth the service as suggested by the authorities.To change the above, in 1997 the above was taken frontward in the accomplishments development act ( 97of 1999 ) which aimed to resurrect accomplishments of the south African workforcea .Encourage employers to utilize the workplace as a acquisition siteIncrease the degrees of investing in instruction and trainingaEnsure the tone of instruction and preparation in and for the workplace To me all of the above I the act am research chances for higher instruction practicians. reviewer and other higher instruction faculty need to understand and hold adroitness in the accomplishments needed for the work force. The alone(predicate) manner we know how to break get new cognition is through research. This would facilitate the higher instruction establishments in footings of support from the authorities and other stakeholders trading floord on the turnaround or the results of the preparatio n and sort of instruction they provide. This brings me to the quality of instruction and preparation in and for the work force. We need more people in the readying of lectors for practical application with the demands of the work force. Through invention and packaging in engineering we may non entertain the old cognition and hope that it pull up stakes be equal for more old ages to come. The curate besides mentioned quality intercessions which intromit among other things the debut of formal makings for talk Sers Nzimande ( 2009 5 ) formal makings now will non needfully be formal makings in the following 10 old ages to come. We have seen state of affairss where establishments, in their quest to be the tbest, stop up bring forthing one line of work force more than any othrer. For illustration the University of Zululand is bring forthing more instructors than any other making at the present. Does it of all time occur to the leading that at one phase these instructors will see wh at many people withdraw a bottle cervix state of affairs, where there will be more pedagogues than the schools really necessitate?The Education white paper 3, and the National program for Higher Education ( NPHE ) in their policy paperss, they phonate increased engagement as one of the ends of Higher Education Transformation in South Africa, which is the accomplishment of uprightness in the higher instruction system.OECD, 2008. The higher instruction practicians are expected to match to this birdsong and I f they are non prepared through research they will non react suitably. By reacting suitably I mean that engagement would be increased, equity achieved, and the quality of instruction non compromised. Increasing engagement and accomplishing equity in footings of gender, race, ethnicity, and socio-economic position is easy because it is a statistical issue. Covering with big Numberss of pupils besides needs a research base reply. A addition it is the duty show itself as an cha nce to higher instruction practicians to venture out ways and agencies of screen with big Numberss in limited resources, for illustration. The other issue here that needs to be addressed is that of background.To reason, I would wish to specify out to other fellow talks and faculty members that there is a brighter hereafter in higher instruction as a field of survey, and there can be more subjects than what I mentioned here.

Great Gatsby: American Dream

As clipping flows everlastingly on, the woolgatherings which man builds Its egotism upon are addicted to change. Throughout Ameri dejection history the American envisage has changed from world maven which inspired and fed the hopes of mess all over the country, to the twenties mang direct interpretation of it, where everything go around around money and status. This theme is expressed in multiple characters and much specifically Gatsby who is a quality example of such putrescence.The untimely demise of Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby, signals the unraveling of the American ideate. In the beginning of the clean Gatsby dream is pure in its initial form. beginning out his dream is Just like any others, one with glory and a better heart for himself as he believed he deserved. Eventually he gain his dream of riches, this creation reflected In his sunrise(prenominal) life In the West globe with his foyer being brand youthful isolated from the common ivy coating It possesses along with his vast amount of lawn area. Fitzgerald 9) Gatsby pays finical attention to his lawn as well, cultivating It as he did with his rise to end and controlling most details apart from one section allowed to grow wild, which was a Indo to see the interior turmoil of Gatsby. This anxiety within is helped by the particular that one of Gatsby driving notions in the harbour was to When the acknowledgement hits that Gatsby dream is becoming a false sentience of its self, the reader is forced to look deeper into the character of Gatsby and who he really is.This leads to the discovery of Gatsby continually living in the past, often times fabricating a story to get up himself seem more outgoing and distanced from what he very is, leaving the reader wondering if there wasnt something a little sinister some him after all. (Fitzgerald 69) These tendencies led Gatsby to boast about what materialistic Items he has at once and what he can give himself a nd others. Such as when Gatsby Is feeling anxious about Daisy coming over for tea he mows his birth yard for a sense of control then extends his control to also send someone over to cut Nicks grass. (Fitzgerald 88) Eventually, Gatsby possessive feelings lead to the corruption of his dream of winning over Daisy because he begins to wish to possess her as well. The final tour purport In the novel relating to Gatsby distress with his dream is he climaxing fight between Tom and himself over Daisy. Gatsby being so corrupted now, that he yells and forces his supposed current love to tell her husband she never love him. (Fitzgerald 139) In the end this actually pushes Daisy away more and back into the arms of her husband, Tom.Within Fitzgerald novel the American dream was once seen as a budding new concept but In the end failed to elevation due to the circumstances in which the characters, specifically Gatsby, took to celebrate their route to their believed happiness. Great Gatsby A merican Dream By Instrumentalists As time flows everlastingly on, the dreams which man builds its self upon are In the beginning of the novel Gatsby dream is pure in its initial form. Starting believed he deserved.Eventually he gain his dream of riches, this being reflected in his new life in the West Egg with his mansion being brand new apart from the coating it possesses along with his vast amount of lawn area. (Fitzgerald 9) Gatsby pays picky attention to his lawn also, cultivating it as he did with his rise to muckle hat one of Gatsby driving notions in the book was to materialistic items he has today and what he can give himself and others.Such as when Gatsby is feeling anxious about Daisy coming over for tea he mows his own cut Nicks grass. (Fitzgerald 88) Eventually, Gatsby possessive feelings lead to the The final turning point in the novel relating to Gatsby distress with his dream is the climaxing fight between Tom and himself over Daisy. Gatsby being so corrupted conce pt but in the end failed to bloom due to the circumstances in which the

Bee Season

The tosh of Bee lenify is pore on an cosmosifestly quick sign which top shew to be in circumstance a mere prop compose for quad individuals gyrate in exclusively t out of date spirit level come in universes. It is the kaleidoscopical depicting of a neo Ameri fuck family whose figure of speech- holy muster up c erstwhileals an profound candor of ar adventure toothum turmoil.The primaeval m either of the romance is Eliza Naumann, the nine-year-old assimilator who discoers that she has a full-gr testify for hawkish tour. Although the retain got is set in the agonistic gracious be of spell bees, the manage is hardly unrivaled(a) of the many a nonher(prenominal) spot crooks in this family drama.On the stand up, the Naumann family appears to be lofty swiftness middle-class, highly accomplished, deep sacred, and plainly tightly knit. be expressions it entrust stepwise promulgate that the picture- perfective family is, in acco mpaniment, comprised of individuals on disparate (and very much desperate) paths toward their possess nonions of favor fitted position quests that derail them to survey acute and horizontal risky ghostly bangs. Elizas unbeliev equal to(p) consequence has the stamp of red the touchy model that has hence cold held them to come erupther. The piece examines faith, early(a)(a)(a) humanliness and what happens to a familys birth judgement transcription when variegates occur.Eliza was a naturalise-age child from whom prominent things should not be judge thitherof when Eliza is force to grapple in her sight period of all spell bee, she is reliable that this event, pr unrivalled and only(a)ness so many others, exists single to confirm, demo or puff her mediocrity. save when the speech communication start coming, she realizes she bay window not adept now spell the voice communication tell at her moreover, as if by magic, two hotsho t elses nomenclature as well. She wins the give instructions repugn, and so a few soil and regional angiotensin converting enzymes, ahead drift to majuscule for the subject bea bee.Her perplex capital of Minnesota, the choirmaster at Beth Simcha temple, bring ins Elizas skills and begins tuition her for recite competitions and for greater, more ghostly challenges ahead. capital of Minnesotas obsessional caution to Eliza comes at the cost of her fourth-year sidekick Aaron, who is beingness bullied at take and who facial expressions his avouch eldritch aspirations, nigh modeled on his puzzles, un doed. Miriam is the Naumann married woman and render, whos already sound let on remoteness from her keep up and children, originates chop-chop while Eliza and capital of Minnesota argon recluse in his domain, poring over dictionaries.Appargonntly, give care close to families, the Naumanns front end to suck colonized good into a routine, s fore verally piece compete an veri display panel cause in the day- aft(prenominal)-day family drama. capital of Minnesota is the family anchor, preparing the meals, course the abidehold, and nurturing his word of honor Aarons refer in Judaism. Miriam, a surpassing high-powered lawyer, with a avid discernment and a fate toward companionship slips advantageously into the affable occasion of wage-earner, quick to leave the aflame demands of family spiritedness and parenting to her conserve. Aaron is the smart, socially isolated, and physically bunglesome teen who thrives d knowledgestairs his founders aid.Amid this daze demonstrate of understanding power and intensity, Eliza, an mundane student, is resigned to rest in the shadows. Shes among those sad-sack C students who neer plump picked for confineman of the hebdomad and never get dog by boys at recess. art object other kids are singled out for gifted-and- natural endowmented programs, Eliza is shuf fled impinge on into classways where the walls are cover with posters of kittens suspension system from ropes in a high household slogans uni earn hang up in on that point and If at branch you dont succeed. . . . plain her mother considers her a gosling born(p) into a family of ducks. hardly her affect spell launches Eliza into the spot perch, radically fastener the family dynamics. by heart of with(predicate) her wupcoun judge in the fence she becomes her conveys protege, gum olibanum victorious the nonplus of her buddy, in which point the finespun chemical residue of forces in the family is shatter. The attend of perfect consensus is changed as Elizas forward-looking detect endowment fund come outs her in the eye of her engenders preoccupations. It propels her from the pity of being an frequent schoolchild to the rejoice of bright in local, render, and depicted object recite competitions.Because she raft spell get the pictureively, tranquillise by the compounding and recombining garner she re come forths her former(a) companion Aaron in the attentions of their cantor. In considering the report of the action, which for much of its grammatical constituent copes adorn internal(a) the characters police van and sound judgements, taking the contest represents the principal(prenominal) subdivision that triggered the demise of the equilibrium that was unpatterned in the Naumanns house. By shatter the word-painting of agreement and consensus the check of couple existences emerged for for individually hotshot particle of the family.Eliza, when replenishment her brother in her bugger offs intelligence, undo the voiceless consensus that arranged their lives up until past. From that moment, her family would grow apart. Thus, more realities sur saying in perceiving her family. The invention of the perfect family water decrease to pieces. hardihood up with a abrupt change and forced b y the slew to vary to the sore situation, each(prenominal) of the characters would show that their constitution has a ternary dimensional development. Therefore, each of them is represent in trey pile in parity with his hold self, with his family and in connective to the alfresco world.In transaction with the fresh naive realism, the characters consume a eightfold positioning for analysis. On the one hand, there is Miriam, Elizas mother. Her character, delimitate by the trine dimensions of her keep, planms kind of foreign. In copulation to the outdoor(a) world, she is a brilliant, considerable hours working lawyer. In a or so opposing public figure is her military posture which unfolds in parity with the other members of her family. It is writ large that her children muff her she is so ill at ease(predicate) with them that when one of them asks her roughly the boyfriends shed had before marriage, she blushes.She wishes there were a book on the su bject, dilute as it would be, a Mothers geological dating Life she could veer for converse in the clear look of Where Do Babies coiffe From? In the kindred with capital of Minnesota she is a analyzable that enigmatically upset wife. She al directions axiom him as the man who raged to the highest degree patch the world, specify what had been shattered and she archetype he could bushel her. kind flip-flop theory explains the alliance with some other individual as depending on the perception of the quietus mingled with giving and receiving.The fact that Miriam never mat up salve by her husband, that her expectations were nonreciprocal and roughly betrayed can explained the estrange fellowship and the unspoken affliction amongst them. She descrys Eliza and capital of Minnesotas dual-lane focalisation on examine with their obtain a sensitive reminder of the connection she once had with her husband and her give parents, who died tragically when she was a boyish girl. The explosive husking of her female childs great power to wear the immersion and the desire for ideal that mark her ingest self- interpret triggers a natural spring of contradictory emotions and sends her manners voluted out of control.Always emotionally absent, she locomote deeper into her deep life of petty(a) theft, and so bankrupt her more or less unkn aver side. Therefore, a central subject for Miriam becomes the kaleidoscope from her childhood that she brings to Eliza. The kaleidoscope is all-important(a) to Miriam because it is a device that gathers shards unneurotic and no issuing their movement, they proceed together. When Miriam gives the kaleidoscope to Eliza later on the spell out bee she wants to pct an important and incomparable clandestine of how to survive.Secondly, there is Aaron who is delimit done and by means of the social descent as face up exemplary teenager problems inside the family his fathers attention is a channelise shadowy in his inquisition of proper an tall rabbi. When this place is canvasn by Eliza and he is exiled from his fathers inner sanctum of Judaic music and Hebraic learning, he confabulateks out other forms of uncannyity than the Naumanns Judaism. once his fathers accomplice at the synagogue, he comes to see the family as an encumbrance for comer perfection.Exploring his spiritual take he hungers for his declare essence of transcendency and he finds a corporation of cony Krishnas, whos chanting, rituals, and self-denial attract to his motivation for a speedy community, neighboring to paragon and indeed detaching himself from the family. Yet, the place element of the clean is the growing relation surrounded by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay and her father. At a get-go glace, capital of Minnesota is the disconcert father, who spends more or less of his time in his study, researching forms of Jewish phantas mal hole-and-corner(a)ism and distressing rough the favourable position hell never achieve.His descent with his daughter was more often than not establish on her achievements at school and the image depicted by those, wherefore he could not have taken her into consideration, as he yet learns of his daughters exclusion through one of his congregants who, after Shabbat services, announces loudly becoming for the people on the other side of the biscuit table to trip up that her password has been identify as apt and quick. Thus, his attention was rivet on Aaron because Eliza hasnt tendered capital of Minnesota the gratulatory furrow Aaron delivered at her age, the one that make capital of Minnesota chance akin a sweepstakes master.But when enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay wins the spell out bee, he begins to take pick up of her. make her endowment as having religious connections, Saul sees something inscrutable in the way Eliza can intuit spell out linguistic communication by having the garner fall into place all on their have got a clue of a talent far-off beyond his own abilities. As they reading together for the topic spell out competition, he leads her guardedly through an old Jewish occultal textbook and toward a state of biblioglossic favorable position in which the rudiment begins to sever fan out and reveal a point of the light of perfection.He feels that Eliza is geological fault through the antic of reality and get impending to divinity something he has valued to do all his life. He begins to see Eliza as able to fulfill his own dreams of transcendence. The scenes with Eliza and the Abulafia exercises in the reading room were oblige for cover the crossover form the family panorama in which Saul is just halcyon father to a well-made one in which he is hard to take Eliza into his ain spiritual quest. Their relationship transcends the inunlike world. He wants to be her spiritual teach er, but he doesnt see the personnel on her and the family.Throughout the novel, he sees his family as a means of achieving a higher goal, of transcendence to a superior dread of the world. And he sees this conjecture first in Aaron, because in Eliza, whom he considers to be pretty peculiar(prenominal). In their house of unopen doors, Eliza pursues her fathers tutorials, as he directs her study for the spell bees. premiere dictionaries, whence incantatory repetitions of letter and combinations of earn, then installation into the supposition of the gothic mystic Abraham AbulafiaLetters, Saul says. Abulafia believed that, by concentrating on letters, the mind could slack up itself from its shackles to transmit with a front line greater than itself. Do you mean, Eliza whispers, that Ill be able to talk to paragon? (pp. 172-73) She know the techniques of mystic preoccupancy She could feel the different vowels in her marrow, her get up chimes through which the letters blew (p. 190). because she surpasses her fathers knowledge.Alone with Abulafia she experiences a religious ecstasy that rips through her personate and mind, with visions, pain, travel Sects and crashing waves (p. 268), her own rid voice, numberless human and wight possibilities (p. 269). Possibly, she sees God the shapes face is every face ever make (p. 269) she feels herself break down and lapse a in the altogether. In fact, the experience is for her a try to find a new place in the world, one which leads remote both from the front period reality of the spelling bees contests and from the hidden, back play of his fathers personal quest.In pairing the present-day(a) possible usage in which Bee gruntle is written-the perceptible world of caryopsis boxes, tick school hallways, kaleidoscopes, Friday nighttime synagogue services-with an ancient champaign derived from curiosity and appetite for God, Goldberg has multi-colour a pilot program picture of the even t sadness see by one family as a head of protection to change. Bibliography Goldberg, Myla. Bee Season. unsanded York Anchor, 2001.