Inspire For Sleep Apnea Cause And Effect Essay Example For Students

Rouse For Sleep Apnea Cause And Effect Essay Causes, Health Affects, and Treatment of Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea is associated with the respiratory and focal sensory systems. The respiratory framework permits an individual to take in oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide (Deepak 116). Subsequent to entering the mouth or the nose, oxygen goes into the pharynx, the larynx, and afterward the trachea. The trachea parts into two branches which at that point split into littler cylinders called bronchioles. Hair-like projections called cilia spread the bronchioles and shield them from outside particles. From the bronchioles, air enters little air sacs called alveoli, every one of which is encircled by vessels containing the blood that assembles oxygen to be moved all through the body and discharges carbon dioxide so it very well may be breathed out. Withdrawals of the stomach cause the lungs to be swelled and collapsed. As per Janet Fricker, rest apnea is ?the occasional decrease or end of breathing brought about by brief oropharyngeal brea kdown during rest?; at the end of the day, it happens when an individual actually quits breathing while sleeping (Fricker 122). There are two principle forms that produce rest apnea. The main, known as focal rest apnea, includes the degree of cerebrum action during rest. The evening disappointment of the piece of the mind that controls breathing, situated in the cerebrum stem, results in unmonitored oxygen Sumner 2levels during rest. At the point when oxygen levels become excessively low and carbon dioxide levels become excessively high, incitement gets sufficiently able to briefly stir the mind to carry out its responsibility. The mind triggers a grunting or sucking of air so as to reestablish the equalization of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. The scenes repeat as the cerebrum comes back to its rest state (Coren 147-48). The second type of rest apnea, known as obstructive rest apnea, is described by an extreme unwinding of the tongue, throat, and pharynx.(Deepak 116). The extreme unwinding of the tongue makes it spread the opening to the trachea, halting the progression of oxygen into the lungs. Following ten to ninety seconds of an apnea respiratory focuses alert the mind of its oxygen-denied state, causing the rehashed rest/wake pattern of the victim (Fricker 122). Rest Apnea influences around 4 percent of moderately aged men and 2 percent of moderately aged ladies (Walling 851). Manifestations of rest apnea incorporate noisy wheezing, heaving, and gagging. It messes breathing up that cause an individual to hack and wheeze upwards of a few hundred times each night (Pressman 65). Since a development of greasy tissues in the mouth will in general stream over the opening of the trachea, it is generally normal in moderately aged, overweight guys (Coren 148). Around 60% of victims are overweight. Notwit hstanding, it isn't genuine poundage however the thickness of the neck that influences relaxing. Men regularly create thicker throat tissues and assemble progressively fat in their midsection, neck, and shoulders than ladies. Men with a neck periphery of seventeen inches or more and ladies with that of sixteen inches or more are destined to have rest apnea, just as Sumner 3those with a twofold jaw or a great deal of abundance fat around the abdomen. Rest apnea will compound with age as throat tissues become looser and individuals gain weight.(Barone 81). Many side influences can happen because of rest apnea. Victims can stir to migraines, crabbiness, trouble in recollecting, and issues with focus (Barone 81). Increasingly significant issues can happen, for example, languor in the daytime, oxygen shortage, and respiratory capture while attempting to inhale during rest. Since there is less oxygen heading off to the heart, it needs to work more diligently; adrenaline is discharged and circulatory strain rises quickly. Rehashed eruptions of evening time pulse may cause hypertension during the day, prompting expanded danger of respiratory failure, stroke, and heart beat unsettling influences (Barone 82). Diagnosing rest apnea has gotten regular just lately, since the confusion was not formally characterized until 1965. Wheezing, daytime exhaustion, and a limited capacity to focus can be intimations for conclusion. In the event that these side effects endure for a delayed timeframe it might get important to be put under the consideration o f an aspiratory expert, or an ear, nose, and throat specialist. Analysis is made conceivable by assessments of the nose, throat, and jaw. It is additionally useful for a victims mate to respond to inquiries regarding wheezing and rest propensities. The most ideal approach to make an exact determination and decide the seriousness of the turmoil is a polysomnography test, for the most part including a short-term remain in a rest center. There masters can screen blood oxygen levels, pulse, internal heat level, cerebrum waves, and the occasions breathing stops. The rest apnea rate, or the quantity of apneatic scenes every hour of rest, decides the seriousness of the confusion. Paces of fifteen or less demonstrate just gentle rest apnea, Sumner 4may not be considered clinically huge. Paces of fifteen to thirty shows moderate rest apnea, and paces of at least thirty aggravations for each hour demonstrate extreme rest apnea (Pressman 204). While compelling for deciding treatment, polysomno graphy can cost around 2,000 dollars, yet is typically secured by protection. A subsequent choice is a home checking gadget, costing about half as much as lab perceptions however not typically secured by protection (Barone 84). .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19 , .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19 .postImageUrl , .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19 , .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19:hover , .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19:visited , .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19:active { border:0!important; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19:active , .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19:hover { mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d1 9 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u34290a02762787276ed9309f5e6c1d19:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Case for Microsoft EssayContinuous positive aviation routes pressure (CPAP) is the most normally suggested treatment for rest apnea. It was first portrayed in 1981 by University of Sydney, Australia analyst Colin Sullivan (Fricker 122). CPAP quits wheezing and permits the victim to inhale without colapsation of the throat (Stradling 201). It comprises of a wind current generator, tubing, and a veil that goes over the nose. Air is provided at somewhat above air pressure, holding the aviation routes open (Fricker 122). Numerous patients see CPAP covers as awkward, however without them would backslide into their pretreatment state inside just tw enty-four hours (Stradling 201). Studies demonstrate decreases in daytime tiredness and general wellbeing enhancements because of CPAP, however have not indicated upgrades in grimness, mortality, or personal satisfaction (Walling 851). Alongside CPAP treatment, individual wellbeing measures can be taken so as to help decrease the side effects and danger of rest apnea. Dr. Richard Millman of the Sleep Disorders Center at Rhode Island Hospital recommends maintaining a strategic distance from liquor and dozing pills close to sleep time since they moderate breathing , laying on one side while dozing, and utilizing Sumner 5nasal strips while experiencing clog (Barone 84). Smoking is additionally a significant supporter of rest apnea since it can expand the throat tissues and exacerbate the effectively low oxygen levels that go with it. Since being overweight is a main source of rest apnea just as numerous other medical issues, it is a smart thought to be as genuinely fit as could reasona bly be expected. Indeed, even a 10% weight reduction can influence the quantity of apneatic scenes that happen every night (Barone 84). Despite the fact that CPAP is the most generally suggested and used treatment of rest apnea, there are different alternatives. Oral gadgets like a retainer can be utilized to reposition the tongue and jaw. These are powerful on the grounds that pushing the jaw ahead likewise pulls the tongue forward, decreasing impediment of the trachea. Be that as it may, these gadgets can be costly and may not be secured by protection. Medical procedure is a final hotel choice. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, or UPPP (UP3 ) augments the aviation route by decreasing the size of the uvula, the delicate sense of taste, or both. UP3 has just a fifty percen

Cardiovascular system in our body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cardiovascular framework in our body - Essay Example In this way, the framework shaped by the heart and vessels in our body is known as the cardiovascular framework. The framework is additionally alluded to as the circulatory framework. For quite a while, individuals have been enchanted by the cardiovascular framework. This is likely in light of the fact that; during those occasions individuals for the most part accepted that life was related with the thumping of the heart. The individuals of the prior periods just used to have a dim and regular thought, about the cardiovascular framework. In any case, as time advanced and individuals saw progression in innovation, the genuine motivation behind this huge framework and its segments was achieved. Right now, we are learned to comprehend that the cardiovascular framework is indispensable, in conveying oxygen and sustenance the human body cells. The heart and blood, just as veins, are the central mechanical assembly of this imperative framework. In spite of the fact that the cardiovascular framework was secured hugely, and expounded on, it was not really comprehended. The circulatory framework parts were found, recognized and recorded prior, before they were even seen how they worked. For example, the early Greek doctors connected the courses with air conveying all through the body, and to them nothing else added to this capacity. Inconceivably, this idea was accepted until twelve centuries later, when the veins and courses were related with their primary capacity of shipping the critical body liquid alluded to as blood. Besides, even as late as the fourth century BC, a period during which a doctor of the hippocratean request, found the heart valves, the genuine understanding of their central capacity would dodge the doctors for another thirteen hundred years, before it was set up (Cobb, P. 1). The unmistakable variety between the conduits and veins was found by Herophilus, who was a Greek doctor, between 335-280 BC. He made a large portion of his disclosures, by leading logical dismemberment of a human cadaver, or through an efficient vivisection of living people. After his demise, dismemberment was rendered illicit, and it took more than eighteen hundred additional years prior to the examinations were later continued. Erasistratus, who was Herophilus’ student, found that, when a cut was made on the courses of a living patient, blood would spill. Claudius Galanus in (AD 129 200/217), which was 500 years following the demise of Herophilus, made an understood and particular variety between the venous and the blood vessel framework. He found that the venous framework was liable for moving blood wealthy in nourishment, while the blood vessel framework was worried about moving of the body heat. Further investigations by William Harvey, who had recently depicted the veins ’ valves without demonstrating their capacity, drove him to pronounce that the human circulatory framework was his revelation, in 1628. The slender framework, which connects the veins and corridors, was recognized by Marcello Malpighi, an Italian specialist, thirty years after Harvey’s guarantee. In spite of the fact that, by this period, the circulatory framework had in the end been mapped, legitimate perception of the elements of the procedure, were not practiced, until the twentieth century. Significantly later years, for example, prior 1900s, doctors were still powerfully clarifying parasites and phlebotomy. Notwithstanding, even in the cutting edge time, considers are as yet progressing to comprehend the cardiovascular framework (Cobb, P. 1). The heart is an essential organ that improves the prosperity of individuals; therefore involving that it ought to be kept up in

Learning Art Essays - Drawing, Figure Drawing,

Learning Art I am taking a shot at the structure of the human life systems. Our educator needs us to feel the structure through signals and get the extents right. We have simply completed the process of chipping away at the Human skull, have worked with the entire figure, and now we are proceeding onward towards the hands and feet. The fine detail, obviously, can not be caught precisely with no guarantees, however the goal of our task is to make the figure show up as human like as could be expected under the circumstances. I have a method that has made me improve my work. I draw as though I have never observed what I am attracting and I need to present the work I do before a sovereign or somebody of a high position. It additionally serves to get absolute assurance before you start your task to figure you will do well. Be shellfish and loose to a point where you are comfortable yet still alarm for your work. Your drawings ought to have a guesture that is practically proportionate to the development of your subject that you are drawing. I discovered the least demanding materials to work with are the most straightforward. Rather than newsprint paper, which is more delicate, and harder to work with, I use sketch paper. The sketch paper is more rough. I utilize a pencil rather than charcoal. The pencil gives you the bit of leeway to get an all the more fine point also to make your lines lighter if fundamental. It is additionally simpler to delete. In class, we for the most part either have a model to draw, or work with one another's figure. I feel it is smarter to work with our cohorts instead of the model since we have gotten use to every others appearance's which makes it simpler to draw. For our schoolwork this week, we are relegated to draw the foot three or multiple times on a similar piece of paper, life size. I feel that my class and myself has a simpler time doing the hands and feet than the human skull provided that you marginally are erroneous on your drawing it doesn't make the drawing unrecognizable. With the face, you can be off in the smallest of ways and everything else will be tossed messed up. It is a well concentrated task. Before I came to Montserrat I had no understanding at all in drawing, so when I began in on this, it was a genuine test. I felt that I have had the option to keep up and have learned more faster than I figured I would. I adjusted quick to what she was instructing to our group, and I must state I am glad for myself for that. The main experience I have had was craftsmanship class in middle school, and still, after all that it wasn't drawing the human figure, it was progressively like work of art and earthenware production. The past summer, my granddad who is an craftsman, brushed me up on some work that he realized I would do that has moreover made a difference. I have still a long way to go, however I am persistent about it.

Food preservation Essay Example for Free

Food safeguarding Essay Presentation : Vaish vik nourishments private Limited is in the matter of Marketing Export and gracefully of food items. The organization additionally sends out wholesome new natural products, occasional new foods grown from the ground new natural products. The organization likewise offers prepared to cook items in the brand name of Eat well. The organization was consolidated in the year 2000. Vikas Dangad is the overseeing chief and originator of the organization. The organization is Headquartered in Pune and have a branch in London and Mumbai. The organization works on medium scale. Association structure: Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited right now utilizes 21 individuals in the organization who are working across different offices. 06 People works in the Marketing division, 02 People in the HR office and 10 individuals works in assembling office. The organization has its own cultivate and subsequently have recruited 03 ranchers for it. There are Products: The Company have various types of prepared food items, regular new leafy foods new organic products. All the results of the Company are handled and pressed in clean Hygienic condition with unique accentuate to keep the items common however much as could be expected and in this way they attempt to abstain from utilizing additives and synthetic concoctions in the items as much as possible. The following is the point by point rundown of items. Flavors 1) Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited Introduction : Vaish vik nourishments private Limited is in the matter of Marketing Export and gracefully of food items. The organization likewise sends out wholesome new natural products, regular new foods grown from the ground new organic products. The organization likewise offers prepared to cook items in the brand name of Eat well. The organization was joined in the year 2000. Vikas Dangad is the overseeing chief and organizer of the organization. The organization is Headquartered in Pune and have a branch in London and Mumbai. The organization works on medium scale. Association structure: Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited at present utilizes 21 individuals in the organization who are working across different divisions. 06 People works in the Marketing office, 02 People in the HR office and 10 individuals works in assembling office. The organization has its own cultivate and subsequently have recruited 03 ranchers for it. There are Products: The Company have various types of prepared food items, occasional new products of the soil new natural products. All the results of the Company are handled and stuffed in clean Hygienic condition with uncommon accentuate to keep the items common however much as could be expected and accordingly they attempt to abstain from utilizing additives and synthetic substances in the items as much as could be expected under the circumstances. The following is the definite rundown of items. Flavors 1) 1) Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited Introduction : Vaish vik nourishments private Limited is in the matter of Marketing Export and flexibly of food items. The organization additionally sends out wholesome new natural products, regular new leafy foods new natural products. The organization likewise offers prepared to cook items in the brand name of Eat well. The organization was joined in the year 2000. Vikas Dangad is the overseeing chief and author of the organization. The organization is Headquartered in Pune and have a branch in London and Mumbai. The organization works on medium scale. Association structure: Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited presently utilizes 21 individuals in the organization who are working across different divisions. 06 People works in the Marketing division, 02 People in the HR office and 10 individuals works in assembling office. The organization has its own cultivate and henceforth have recruited 03 ranchers for it. There are Products: The Company have various types of handled food items, occasional new leafy foods new natural products. All the results of the Company are prepared and pressed in clean Hygienic condition with extraordinary accentuate to keep the items characteristic however much as could reasonably be expected and thusly they attempt to abstain from utilizing additives and synthetic concoctions in the items as much as could reasonably be expected. The following is the point by point rundown of items. Flavors 1) 2) Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited Introduction : Vaish vik nourishments private Limited is in the matter of Marketing Export and flexibly of food items. The organization likewise trades dietary new natural products, regular new foods grown from the ground new organic products. The organization likewise offers prepared to cook items in the brand name of Eat well. The organization was joined in the year 2000. Vikas Dangad is the overseeing chief and originator of the organization. The organization is Headquartered in Pune and have a branch in London and Mumbai. The organization works on medium scale. Association structure: Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited at present utilizes 21 individuals in the organization who are working across different divisions. 06 People works in the Marketing division, 02 People in the HR office and 10 individuals works in assembling office. The organization has its own cultivate and subsequently have employed 03 ranchers for it. There are Products: The Company have various types of handled food items, regular new leafy foods new organic products. All the results of the Company are handled and pressed in clean Hygienic condition with unique stress to keep the items regular however much as could reasonably be expected and consequently they attempt to abstain from utilizing additives and synthetics in the items as much as could reasonably be expected. The following is the nitty gritty rundown of items. Flavors 1) 3) Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited Introduction : Vaish vik nourishments private Limited is in the matter of Marketing Export and flexibly of food items. The organization likewise sends out nourishing new natural products, regular new foods grown from the ground new organic products. The organization likewise offers prepared to cook items in the brand name of Eat well. The organization was consolidated in the year 2000. Vikas Dangad is the overseeing executive and organizer of the organization. The organization is Headquartered in Pune and have a branch in London and Mumbai. The organization works on medium scale. Association structure: Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited as of now utilizes 21 individuals in the organization who are working across different divisions. 06 People works in the Marketing division, 02 People in the HR office and 10 individuals works in assembling office. The organization has its own cultivate and henceforth have employed 03 ranchers for it. There are Products: The Company have various types of prepared food items, occasional new products of the soil new organic products. All the results of the Company are handled and stuffed in clean Hygienic condition with unique accentuate to keep the items common however much as could be expected and in this way they attempt to abstain from utilizing additives and synthetics in the items as much as possible. The following is the nitty gritty rundown of items. Flavors 1) 4) Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited Introduction : Vaish vik nourishments private Limited is in the matter of Marketing Export and gracefully of food items. The organization additionally sends out nourishing new natural products, occasional new foods grown from the ground new natural products. The organization likewise offers prepared to cook items in the brand name of Eat well. The organization was fused in the year 2000. Vikas Dangad is the overseeing executive and organizer of the organization. The organization is Headquartered in Pune and have a branch in London and Mumbai. The organization works on medium scale. Association structure: Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited as of now utilizes 21 individuals in the organization who are working across different offices. 06 People works in the Marketing office, 02 People in the HR office and 10 individuals works in assembling division. The organization has its own cultivate and thus have recruited 03 ranchers for it. There are Products: The Company have various types of prepared food items, occasional new leafy foods new natural products. All the results of the Company are prepared and pressed in clean Hygienic condition with extraordinary stress to keep the items regular however much as could be expected and along these lines they attempt to abstain from utilizing additives and synthetic compounds in the items as much as could be expected under the circumstances. The following is the nitty gritty rundown of items. Flavors 1) 5) Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited Introduction : Vaish vik nourishments private Limited is in the matter of Marketing Export and gracefully of food items. The organization likewise sends out dietary new natural products, occasional new foods grown from the ground new natural products. The organization additionally offers prepared to cook items in the brand name of Eat well. The organization was consolidated in the year 2000. Vikas Dangad is the overseeing executive and originator of the organization. The organization is Headquartered in Pune and have a branch in London and Mumbai. The organization works on medium scale. Association structure: Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited presently utilizes 21 individuals in the organization who are working across different offices. 06 People works in the Marketing division, 02 People in the HR office and 10 individuals works in assembling office. The organization has its own cultivate and thus have employed 03 ranchers for it. There are Products: The Company have various types of handled food items, occasional new leafy foods new organic products. All the results of the Company are prepared and pressed in clean Hygienic condition with uncommon stress to keep the items characteristic however much as could reasonably be expected and in this manner they attempt to abstain from utilizing additives and synthetic compounds in the items as much as possible. The following is the nitty gritty rundown of items. Flavors 1) 6) Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited Introduction : Vaish vik nourishments private Limited is in the matter of Marketing Export and gracefully of food items. The organization likewise sends out healthful new natural products, occasional new foods grown from the ground new natural products. The organization additionally offers prepared to cook items in the brand name of Eat well. The organization was joined in the year 2000. Vikas Dangad is the overseeing executive and originator of the organization. The organization is Headquartered in Pune and have a branch in London and Mumbai. The organization works on medium scale. Association structure: Vaish Vik Foods Private Limited c

Lost and Found

Lost and Found There are no directions in Japan. The buildings are numbered, but in a generally useless, chronological order. When you ask for a map, there are no street names, just landmarks and Makudonarudos (McDonalds). Also, Im pretty sure they dont allow you to set off smoke signals in Japanese suburbs. Combine all that with my winning sense of direction and youve got a very lost American kid somewhere west of Central Tokyo. It happened the moment when I got off the limousine bus from the airport to go to the landlords office, and it happened even worse when I got off the train to look for my house. A woman helped me carry my luggage up two flights of stairs from the subway, then looked at my map and declared, I think its down that way, but Im not sure. Just go down that street about ten minutes and it should be around that area somewhere. And so I walked. Twenty minutes to the left of the station in the eighty-degree Tokyo heat, wearing two sweaters, dragging two heavy suitcases, and wondering why my bodily fluids were trying to escape me so freely. I walked for days. I walked until the Japanese Ghost of Christmas Past walked up next to me and was like, Got a drink? At that time I knew it was time to ask directions, to the first person I saw in the midst of this solely residential area: an older Japanese woman pushing her mother-in-law in a wheelchair, having a conversation with an older man down the street. Anou, sumimasen.. Ehh? America-jin desu kara.. kore, doko de wakarimasuka? She didnt know where it was exactly, but she looked at the map and surmised it was probably in the opposite direction. It was the third time today Id walked at least fifteen minutes in the complete wrong direction, and the phrase hantai no hoo (opposite direction) was starting to sound all too familiar. But she took the number off the map and called the company just to make sure. Moshi moshi? Just from her Japanese grunting noises (Unnn, Nnnn, Sousousousou) and vigorous head nods I could tell that I was in the wrong place and was probably going to have to make yet another 180, to be followed by several other twisty and difficult turns that could only be navigated by someone whose nationality is from a place that invented the electronic bidet. I deflated slightly, knowing my jet-lagged legs would have to wait slightly longer to be alleviated of their fatigue, and that the smell thatd been hanging over me ever since Id spent 11 hours seated next to an overly large man with a love of portable cheese would be with me a little longer. I wondered if Id ever figure out my way through the completely illogical streets of Tokyo, and even worse, if I was sweating out of my ears. (I was.) Arigatoo gozaimashita. The woman hung up the phone. Issyou ni ikimasyoo! Her offer to walk with me was so unexpected I almost passed out from surprise (and a little from heat stroke). As we walked she told me about her one son and two grandchildren, who lived in Singapore, and how her husband loved golf but wasnt very good at it. She told me she and her husband were retired and stayed at home taking care of their mother-in-law, who was in her 90s and her back was injured. She asked why I began studying Japanese and why I was here for the summer, and I told her. I also told her I didnt really know anyone in Tokyo, to which she said Me, your Japanese friend! My new Japanese friend dropped me off at my apartment, told me to get some rest, and to call her some time soon. That weekend, I skyped her to say hello, and mentioned off-hand that I wanted to buy a cell phone. Oh, I come with you! You eat breakfast yet? You come to my house! And then she made me breakfast, over which I talked to her husband about my flight, work, and getting lost in Tokyo. He told me about their honeymoon in Hawaii over forty years ago, how hed studied German instead of English, and how he kinda wished hed studied English now. There was a lot of toast and tea and ramen, and then she took me to Ikebukuro to get a cell phone grabbing my arm protectively in the subway, guiding me down the street to the cell phone shop, asking if there was someone there who spoke English to explain the terms of the contract to me where it turns out my visa wasnt a long enough period for me to buy the phone under my name, so she offered to put it under her ID card all approximately five days after Id first met her. At this point Im a little suspicious that my mom has sewed some kind of sign into all my clothes that says LOST FOREIGNER PLEASE HELP. Or that I just look really helpless and weak, and that I need someone to rescue me at all turns. My Japanese isnt that bad, I think, and I start to get defensive. Whats in it for her? Why is this lady being so unexpectedly good to me? She looks at me and smiles, and says Me, your Japanese Mama! And then I realize there are no alternate motives here. She isnt trying to take my money or waste my time, nor is she intending to later break into my house and eat what little food I have. (She knows where I live.) Shes simply Japanese. This is how she interacts with other human beings helping out a stranger on basic human kindness in a way that, much like yours truly on my first day in Tokyo, has become somewhat lost in American culture. I follow her back into the subway station, happy to be found.

The Legal Justice Combating Crime in the Modern Era - 550 Words

The Legal Justice: Combating Crime in the Modern Era (Essay Sample) Content: COMBATING CRIME IN THE MODERN ERANameSubjectDateThroughout their existence, human societies have had in place mechanisms for controlling and deterring undesirable human behaviors. Ancient civilizations, such as the Greeks, banished offenders of capital crimes like murder from the community. A notable example is that of Oedipus, who the citizens of Thebes expelled from the city for killing their king. The way ancient societies dealt with serious crimes shows that the goal was to prevent future similar acts by casting out offenders. Modern societies have developed alternative mechanisms for dealing with crime, such as jails, correctional and rehabilitation programs- facilities that were lacking in earlier civilizations. The big issue, however, is determining how to use these systems efficiently to combat crime- whether to commit offenders to longer prison sentences or to send them to rehab and correctional facilities.[James Stobaugh and Stobaugh James, World Literature Student (New York: New Leaf Publishing Group, 2012) 135.] Proponents of longer prison sentences base their argument on the idea that some crimes are so evil that offenders should undergo incarceration for as long as possible. Longer incarcerations should serve both as punishment for the crime and as a lesson to the offenders and would-be offenders. This reasoning is flawed, however, when one critically considers the purpose of punishment. Punishment is not an end, but a means for correcting deviant human behavior. Longer prison sentences fail in this regard since they focus on making offenders suffer for their crimes instead of helping them become good citizens.[Larry Siegel and John Worrall, Introduction to Criminal Justice (New York: Cengage Learning, 2015) 425.] Critics of longer prison sentences argue that the best way to deal with crime is not to make offenders suffer more, but to change their behavior- especially among juveniles. Towards this end, court rulings should focus o n placing offenders in correctional facilities where they will be not only excluded from the rest of society the purpose of jails- but will also have the opportunity to unlearn their deviant behaviors.[Franklin Zimring, American Juvenile Justice (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005) 31.] In my opinion, lon...

Role of Non-violence in Reducing Juvenile Gangs and Crime...

Our society incorporates violence into nearly every aspect of its existence. We pick up the newspaper or turn on the television and find details of the latest violent crimes. More often these crimes involve children. Recently two young boys murdered a young girl for her bicycle. They valued a material object more than a human life. At some point in their lives they learned it was okay to harm another individual. No one provoked them and they were not defending themselves. They acted out of pure selfishness. Sadly this scenario has become all too familiar over the last few years. In the past two decades violent crime among juveniles ages 14-17 has increased tremendously. Between 1983 and 1992 juvenile arrests increased 117%†¦show more content†¦He preferred negotiation to direct action, but he also believed that this action was a means to negotiations with formerly unwilling parties. Nonviolent direct action creates tension. Communities refusing to negotiate are forced to confront the issue. King rooted his beliefs in the teachings of Jesus and Mahatma Gandhi. Jesus of Nazareth commands nonviolence and love of enemies, he urges his rationale to be nothing less than the imitation of God (Hamm, 2). You will be children of the Most High, for he himself is kind to the ungrateful and the wicked. This leads to the often repeated golden rule of doing to others what you would have done to you. As Dr. James Dobson said, everything we do affects other people, positively or negatively (281). He believes it is foolish to say that one should do their own thing if it does not hurt anyone else because everything we do affects other people. Matthew states this more completely in 5:45: But I say to you love your enemies, that you may be children of your heavenly Father, for he makes his sun rise on the bad and the good, and causes rain to fall on the just and the unjust (Hamm, 2). Religion gives an individual a sense of right and wrong and encourages compassion toward others. Mahatma Gandhi practiced civil disobedience through marches and fasting. He felt that all people wereShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Gang And Gang Violence1446 Words   |  6 PagesGang and gang violence has always been an ongoing problem within the country. Street gangs have evolved into some of the most notorious group associated with murders and killings that law enforcement agencies have encountered. Gang violence has become one of the most serious crime problem happening in the country that involves physical assaults, drive-by shootings, homicides, robberies, prostitutions, and home-invasion along with a long list of criminal activities. It had occurred and multipliedRead MoreThe Effects Of Delinquency On Children s Life1657 Words   |  7 PagesTo say that America has a lot of crime would be a bit of an understatement. Each year, approximately 13 million arrests are made in the United States. Individuals between the ages of 14-17 account for 14 percent of violent crime arrests a nd 23 percent of property crime arrests. While these percentages may not seem staggering, children between the ages of 14-17 only make up roughly 6 percent of the U.S. population. It is clear that teens commit more crimes than adults, and that if we can reduceRead MoreGang Violence And The United States1470 Words   |  6 PagesGangs have been a part of American culture in the United States since the early 19th century when immigrant youth organized themselves into street gangs as a means of urban and economic survival. Today, gang violence has reached an almost catastrophic level in the United States. Criminal street gangs have become one of the most serious crime problems in California. Gang violence accounts for one of the largest personal threats to public safety for nearly all the cities in this state. Salinas, CaliforniaRead MoreCollaboration For Deter Youth Gang Violence2203 Words   |  9 Pages Collaboration to Deter Youth Gang Violence Collaborative Project Final Report Douglas Immler, Tinamarie Knowlton, Jon Mast University of South Florida School of Public Affairs Author Note This project was prepared for PAD 6934 Collaborative Governance, taught by Professor Robin Ersing. Abstract In recent times, public officials, community groups and activists have expressed their concern over the growth of violence perpetrated by youth gangs. On their own, local governmentsRead MoreYouth Violence Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesFear of youth violence is a constant concern by millions of people all over the world. Kids seem to take up more and more space of crimes that are usually committed by adults over the age of 18. Statistics confirm that more horrendous crimes are being committed by increasingly younger children (Levine 27). These crimes committed by youths are caused by many different reasons: Poverty, neighborhoods, schools, parents, and TV, are the main concerns. But what is in most peoples minds is what weRead MoreTrying to Prevent Juvenile Delinquency2377 Words   |  10 Pagesnegotiate the transition from childhood to adulthood in an increasingly complex and confusing world† (World Youth Report, 2003). There are several factors to juvenile delinquency and also ways to possibly prevent it. From early childhood to adolescence, children need to be surrounded with positive role models and environment. A couple of factors to juvenile delinquency that McWhirter, McWhirter, McWhirter, McWhirter (2013) state are â€Å"economic factors, lack of adult bonding, poor parental monitoring, andRead MoreEffective Tactics to Reduce Juvenile School Shootings Essay2779 Words   |  12 PagesWhen it comes to violent crimes, specifically murders and homicides, the American society tends to react in a sense that justice should be brought to the victim(s) by giving extensive punishment to the offender(s); this is assuming adults are the players of these specific violent crimes. However, if the tables are turned to juveniles, specifically involving schools, the reactions seem to change. Rather than feeling little empathy while depending on the justice system to carry out decisions expectedRead MoreThe Theories of Risk Protective Factors Among Youth Of fenders815 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors which may lead to a youth being a offender are non-attendance at school, school failure, substance abuse, being abused, unemployment, and living in a single-parent household. Not all children exposed to risk factors become involved in crime. There are protective factors that shield a youth from risk, those would be academic success, regular school attendance, remaing drug free, being employed, and being raised in a loving, functional, non-abusive family setting. There are a multiplicityRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention2440 Words   |  10 PagesJustice’s office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention, it was reported in 2011 that 1 in 13 of juvenile arrests was for murder, and about 1 in 5 arrests was for robbery, burglary, or larceny-theft; totaling in an estimated amount of 1,470,000 arrests for 2011(Puzzanchera, 2013). The most popular crime committed between juveniles is arson, which makes up for 44% of all crimes committed by youths. Robbery and burglary both account for 25% of crimes, while property crimes account for 24%. AggravatedRead MoreCause And Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency1458 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile crime is an increasing concern, in which numerous theorist continue to assert the probable causes and effects of juvenile delinquency (peaking during teenage phase 15-19) and its increasing provocations into adulthood (declining during the early twenties 40-60%) (National Institute of Jus tice, 2014). Offenders that were severely delinquent and violent during early youth (below age twelve) posed a higher probability of continuity of offending into the adult phase, in which a Pittsburgh Youth

Essay on How Does Social Networking Affect Kids...

A- Presentation of the Issue As time passes, different ways to communicate develop and change the world. That is exactly what’s happening now. People in general, but mainly teenagers, are spending more time every day on Social Networks, or text messaging on cell phones. This is hugely changing their way to communicate and understand the human behaviour. In fact, their own behaviour is changing. This addictive way to communicate has many problems. For example, the possibility that in a near future people won’t be able to communicate face-to-face, like now is done. This is because young people don’t call each other anymore. Instead they write a message on Facebook, or send a text message via their cell phone (Stout, 2010). A big worry†¦show more content†¦This takes us to the modern Social Network Sites, which come in a great variety of sizes, colour and topics. Some are general sites, where you just meet people with any interest. Some others are made to unite people with the same interests, such as pets (Dogster and Catster, for example), or music (last.fm). Others specialize in uniting people from a similar community around the world, like AsianAvenue, BlackPlanet and MiGente. Other popular networks mix some of the characteristics to help the users to share data in a simpler way. For example, YouTube combines the idea of uploading, sharing and watchin g videos with the profiles (Boyd, and Ellison, 2007). Social Networks have developed through time, and they won’t stop existing. They will keep uniting people all over the world with simple characteristics like a personalized profile, the data sharing or an instant messaging application. Which leads us to quote WhatIsSocialNetworking.com that said â€Å"Social Networking – It’s the way the 21st Century communicates now† (WhatIsSocialNetworking.com) C- Impact of the Issue The ‘Social Network Issue’ ha s been changing people’s behaviours. In some occasions it has been for good. This means that Social Networks have actually acted as social, and have helped shy and introverted teenagers to get more interaction with classmates and even plan week-end activities with their friends (Stout, 2010). They have helped some people get ‘back in touch’ and some teenagers toShow MoreRelatedSocial Media1185 Words   |  5 PagesHow Computers Affect Teen Lives? Suicide takes the lives of nearly 30,000 Americans every year. A person dies by suicide about every 15 minutes in the U.S. An attempt is estimated to be made once every 40 seconds. Many who attempt suicide never seek professional care, and it has generally been found that those who post suicide notes online tend to not receive help. Social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter are known to cause a lot of the suicides. Social media is made up of webRead MoreSocial Networking : A Catalyst For Emotional Dysfunction1346 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Networking: A Catalyst for Emotional Dysfunction Ask yourself how much time you spend online daily. Now ask yourself what percentage of that time is spent on social networking. For most, I d wager at least 75 percent, if not more. According to google, social networking is defined as the use of dedicated websites and applications to interact with other users, or to find people with similar interests to oneself. While there are hundreds of these sites, the most frequently used and thereforeRead MoreDoes Social Networking Have A Positive And Or Negative Affect On Individuals?942 Words   |  4 PagesDoes Social networking have a positive and or negative affect on individuals? According to Susan Greenfield, a neuroscientist at the Oxford University, social networking has many negative affects. She claims that â€Å" social networking is infantilizing the human mind, into a state of mind as of children. In my opinion, I agree with greenfield’s statement because many individuals are relying on their social media accounts for everyday use. However, social networking has greatly influenced the way individualsRead MoreSocial Medi The Start Of No Self Esteem1543 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 2015 Social Media: The Start of No Self-Esteem Social media increases strong traits of low self-esteem in many different age groups, by unachievable physical appearance, the negative messages media leaves, and never being able to achieve a persistence private life. There is a continuing cause of low self-esteem since it was created, girls and boys always having posts, comments, and pictures weighing on their shoulders. Social media as defined by the Oxford Dictionary as, â€Å"Social media nounRead MoreSnapchat1360 Words   |  6 Pagestime limit for how long the recipient can view their snaps (Ranging from 1 - 10 seconds), after which the photos/videos will be hidden from the recipient’s device and deleted from SnapChat’s servers. The smalltime college project developed into a huge social media success due to its innovative feature (Magid, 2013). SnapChat is one of the fastest growing social applications ever. For a relatively new company, which was founded in 2011, SnapChat has reached dizzying heights of social media trafficRead MoreImpact of Social Media on Relationships Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pages Social networking can connect strangers across the world. As the evolution of communication continues, technology progresses and social networking grows. Social networks like Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook have grown to have billions of users. In fact in today’s society, it is necessary or nearly expected to use one if not all of these technological communication networks. The increasing use of social networking has had both a negative and positive effect on communication in relationshipsRead MoreSocial Networking: An Important Aspect fo the Average American1571 Words   |  6 PagesSocial networking has proven to become an important aspect of the average American’s daily life. Statistics show that 73% of all online users utilize some form of social networking. 90% of Internet users aging from 18-29 years old have a social network. (pewinternet.org) There are two prominent stances on the social networking epidemic that has arisen over the years. Many hold the opinion that social networking is an invention to be taken advantage of. Yet, many also believe that social networkingRead MoreFacebook Is Becoming The Primary Means Of Communication And Socialization1655 Words   |  7 Pagesand make the world more open and connected† (Facebook). Since launching in 2004, Facebook has cemented itself as a worldwide phenomenon. â€Å"As of the first quarter of 2016, Facebook had 1.65 billion monthly active users,† making it â€Å"the biggest social networking service based on a global reach and total active users† (Statista). Individuals utilize Facebook in various ways, including but not limited to, sharing news information, advertising, self-promotion, staying in touch with friends and relativesRead MoreDevelopment of Social Networks and Their Impact on Society949 Words   |  4 PagesThe contribution of Informatics to the development of social networks and their impact on society. With the progression of technologies that are able to overcome the obstacles of time and space (e.g., airplanes, cars, the Internet), one would think that these tools would be used to gain an understanding of other cultures, meet people all over the world, maintain and strengthen familial relationships, communicate effectively with others, and help people to become more socially strong. However,Read MoreThe Negative Effects of Social Networking on Teenagers1547 Words   |  6 PagesThe popularity of social networking increased rapidly during the past few years, and it has become part of everyone life in our society. Social Networking can define as an online site that focuses on creating the relationships among people who share interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections (Boyd Ellison, 2008). The popular social networking sites, for instance, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram are used excessively in teenagers’ society. It is a new socialization for them. It is

Customer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Essay - 1275 Words

Identifying and Differentiate Individual Customers Most companies still cling to a product-centric view even today, basing their business strategies on revenue and their products or services instead of their existing or potential customers. In other words, companies focused on selling as many products as they could, with no regard for who was buying them and why. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) today has changed the way companies view from looking to not only improve their revenue and compensation but to make their customers happier, with the focus on loyalty and retention. CRM technology is used to efficiently and effectively gather vast amounts of data as well as analyze, interpret, and utilize that data to find solutions to customer satisfaction strategies, directly targeted on streamlining, improving, and personalizing all the customer interactions with the company. (Gordon, 2002) The shift to a more customer focus is because the world of business has changed and customers are not all equal. In the past, companies focused managing the products and selling the same products or services to as many customers as possible, regardless of how different those customers were. Today, customers’ wants and needs are the central focus for most companies to give them longevity and to give them the competitive edge. Companies use CRM strategies to alter the customer experience to move beyond the sales focus to a relationship with the customers that meet the needs ofShow MoreRelatedCustomer Relationship Management (CRM)845 Words   |  3 PagesRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. It is an approach used to learn more about customers needs and manners in order to develop stronger relationships with them. Good customer relationships are at the core of business achievement. There are many technological mechanisms to CRM, but thinking about CRM in mainly technological terms is a mistake. The more useful way to think about CRM is as a calculated process that will help you better understand your customers’ needs and how you can meetRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Essay831 Words   |  4 Pages CRM: Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, and Firm Profitability Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a tool that helps track, manage and supply information about customer’s interactions with an organization to help contribute to customer satisfaction that leads to customer loyalty. Additionally, CRM programs provide tools and applications designed to target their efforts on the most profitable customers, target new potential customers, and generate sales and maintain relationshipsRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )1510 Words   |  7 Pages1) Introduction: Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a key business strategy that optimizes customer experience and increases service or product value. CRM represents a function that relates customer satisfaction, customer behaviour, customer value and profit of an organization. The main goal of integrating CRM software is to improve the sales functionality, such as providing real time customer data history to the sales departments. Other benefits of CRM software include impro ved targeted marketingRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )857 Words   |  4 PagesCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) The most important aspect of any company that is involved in medium to big projects, is the company’s relationship with its clients. It is so important that companies like BNSF Railways, which was awarded Customer Relationship Management Excellence Awards in 2006 by Gartner Inc. (Schwalbe, K., pp 56, 2010), boosted its sales by simply investing more in customer relationship management. To reinforce the importance of CRM, studies conducted by HUFS College ofRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )1583 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 2 : CRM study 2.1 Defining CRM Customer relationship management (CRM) is an approach that company’s use to manage, analyze and interact with customers. It refers to the practices, strategies and the technologies used by companies to understand the customer’s needs and behavior in order to create and build relationships with customers and to follow them throughout the customer lifecycle with a focus on increasing retaining customers with driving the sales growth. The idea of a CRM system isRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) may be methodology} that supports degree organization’s decision-making method to retain long-term and profitable relationships with its customers. Some define CRM as simply a business strategy whereas others define it as a data-driven approach to assess customers’ current desires and gain The common variations of CRM include: operational CRM (O-CRM); analytical CRM (A-CRM); collaborative CRM (C-CRM); e-Commerce CRM (e-CRM); and mobile CRM (m-CRM) OperationalRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Essay769 Words   |  4 Pagesare target markets, customer relationship management (CRM), technology and breakthrough opportunities, building relationships with customers, and most importantly, customer lifetime value. Target markets are part of a marketing strategy. It is a â€Å"fairly homogenous group† of customers who a company wants to appeal to (pg 33). To determine their target markets, companies look at age, location, gender and etc. For example, a firm that sells winter apparel will target customers who live in cold regionsRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )1456 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is significant in the service marketing these days, customers are the major element that relates to the company growth and profits. Understanding the customer purchase behavior and relationship is a key of success that commonly indicates the B2B B2C relationship management. CRM system provides the customer information that shows what customer wants and needs, and help sales person to increase the customer relationship with the organizationRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )3159 Words   |  13 PagesCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) is a strategy for operating all your enterprise’s relationships and interactions with your clients and future clients (What is CRM.) The CRM industry has been molded by monolithic trends over its lifetime. Back in the late 90s, intranets, extranets and the internet altered CRM into more collaborative approaches. The move to cloud has transformed CRM and the relative merchant success. It has definitely encouraged several more users to implement CRM solutionsRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )1223 Words   |  5 PagesCustomer relationship management (CRM) is an essential part of every modern business. At the beginning of 21st century, the customer power dramatically increased due to Internet and technology development. The objectives of CRM are to build profitable and long-term relationships with customers. CRM is a complete system that provides a 360-degree view of the customer. It is also a method that tends to capture the experience of the consumers, and gain their trust to remain loyal customers. It is also

Grace Millan . Mrs. Schroeder . Ap Literature And...

Grace Millan Mrs. Schroeder AP Literature and Composition January 3 2017 The Awakening: 2014 Prompt In The Awakening by Kate Chopin, Edna Pontellier is a housewife who spend her days chatting with friends and going to the beach in Grand Isle, Louisiana. She feels empty, and almost like an object, whose sole purpose is to satisfy the needs of her family. However, after a summer on Grand Isle, she begins to express her feelings and desires with the help of her friends and the surrounding Creole culture. Edna eventually undergoes a massive transformation during which she discovers what she is really passionate about and begins to do what she wants, when she wants, without the limitations of her husband or children. However during this†¦show more content†¦However, all the time she spends listening to piano playing, is time she is not spending with her children or husband and neglecting her social duties. They become so distanced around this time that they are not even sleeping in the same bed and barely even see each other. This demonstrates that all of Edna’s creative ventures have come at a price, her marriage, but she values her self expression so much that she does not seem to mind. Edna’s sacrifice of her family also illuminates one of her main values, freedom. In the beginning of the novella, Edna is reserved and demure. However her friendship with Adele Ratignolle encourages her to follow the creole style of expression and become more open and candid with her actions and voice. The friendship helps her learn to value herself as a person with real emotions, rather than a piece of property for her husband. This marks the beginning of her awakening, as she becomes more open with her feelings, prompting her to further her relationship with Robert. They begin to move past the level of innocent flirtation the Creoles are accustomed to, against the advice of Adele, leading Edna to a new sexual freedom as she continuously chooses to spend her time with Robert rather than her family. However, perhaps one of the most prominent examples of Edna’s high value of freedom comes at the very end

The 2050 Year Free Essays

Heading for 2050 We’ve all had at least once in life thought that we wonder how the future will look like? How will we be over 40 years? How will our planet look like? Or just how it will be tomorrow? These are questions which, in my opinion, we grind every day. Futurologists prepare us for what seems to be 2050, saying it would be totally different in all fields, from entertainment to technology, what we find at the moment on our planet. First, classic TV channels through completely disappear, their place being taken by Internet, which we will have access all around the house (mirrors, tables, pictures, all with touch screen). We will write a custom essay sample on The 2050 Year or any similar topic only for you Order Now The future seems a little too SF for the prezent that we live, but if we think about where they got all the science right now and where it is going, we can use in the future, things which are not imaginable today. The future of humanity will be a very human liking, because in future we will not have to do all the hard work, for which today we work more than 40 hours per week, but this will be done by robots. We will have robots that will clean, make food, will plant flowers, but also those intelligent robots will take over the role of great engineers, so that construction can be achieved more easily, accurately and much smaller errors and less. They will take a large part of our daily tasks, and we will have much more free time for fun, relaxation, travel and many other interesting things. Of course all this will be different from what exists today. We can travel in space, to go on a vacation on a exotic planet , or simply a cruise we will go into space to see the beauty of the galaxies, as we go by boat in the Caribbean today. Perhaps in those days we can even travel in time to go see a play that it is authored by Shakespeare himself when his own songs debut on a theater in the UK, or maybe we want to take part in the most important events in human history. Future technology will give us the chance to reduce the number of accidents and congestion on major arteries that form in the city. We will travel with vehicles powered using renewable energy that will help us to rise from the ground and use highways and roads on different levels (in height), to leave the ground as a destination for edestrians only, without having to ruin the beauty of nature, and many ecosystems with the construction of highways that connect major cities . Also classic trains that we know will be replaced with other transportation vehicles, which can reach a speed huge for our days, reaching their destination faster and traveling long distances. Spacecraft will serve today’s aircraft, and connects the major cities what are locat ed on different planets. Teleportation will certainly play a role as important in travel to various destinations as other means of transport, teleport different objects, or even people, of course, being the fastest means of transport, will be the most expensive. Pollution problem will be a thing of the past, or at least of atmospheric air pollution because radiation from radioactive waste will only disappear in a few thousand years, as is the case of Chernobyl. Greenland ice caps will melt not at a fast pace, maybe even boots from the pole mass will return to normal and we will not worry about increasing sea levels. The problem of global warming was solved, hurricane risk decreases, the climate will return to normal, and fear of other natural disasters will be the past. Contact with extraterrestrial civilizations will bring a touch of humanity, because we realize that we are not alone in the universe and that will need to take into account the opinions of others. But the biggest advantage is that we can assimilate the technology they have available and we learn things we could not discover themselves, can even combine our technologies with the hope that we will discover the answers to questions we grind for centuries. Medicine, one of the most important science that directly concerns each of us, will be among the most advanced of the existing fields. We will get the best equipment in a view to improving our recovery, medical technology will be very advanced , as organ transplants between people will not gonna happen, so will be replaced diseased organs with mechanical organs which take the place of human. All these things will lead to a decrease of mortality. Due to the increasing number of people on Earth we will have some of us to leave this planet and begin to colonize different planets similar to Earth. The discovery of planets like our Earth will open the horizons to worlds unknown to us, will help us spread the race and to make ourselves known in the universe. We prepare for the future seems to be exactly what we need, but until we get there we still have 40 years of hard work, during which time we hope that all things work perfectly. Our evolution is to develop technologies that we present can zoom in or out of answers that we do not have but one living and dreams of 2050. How to cite The 2050 Year, Papers

Domestic Violence and Politics

Question: Discuss about the Domestic Violence and Politics. Answer: Introduction Domestic violence occurs when a person willfully intimidates or causes sexual, physical assault or even battery or abusive behavior in order to establish his or her power and control over the other intimate partner (Benoit et al 2015). In Canada the act relating to domestic violence is mainly committed by men towards the women and children (Alaggia et al. 2015). Domestic violence against women in Canada is increasing at a very rapid rate. The main reason for such increase is the social construction of men in the society along with drug and alcohol addiction. Out of all violence reported to the police in Canada 25% involves violence within family and 70% out of such crimes are reported against women or girls (Devries et al. 2013). This paper discusses the social construction of genders and its relation with domestic violence in the country. Social construction of genders in Canada Men are often regarded as the key providers for the family in the society. They are expected to earn and provided for the family and hold a dominant position with respect to all the important decisions the family is subjected to. On the other hand women are often dependant on the men for all their basic needs and often accept a subordinate position to men in society (Kaukinen and Powers 2015). None of the genders are more violent than the other from the time of birth and their behavior is based on the kind of society in which they grow up. Boys are generally trained to accomplish and do whereas girls are thought to forfeit possibilities and choices in order to look after the family and keep away the unwanted dirt so that they are respect in the society. They are brought up to become natural nurturers and are though not to step out of their role in the society. They are always considered physically and mentally weaker than a man and this concept is made even more significant as a resu lt of their social construction. They are treated as service providers in the society and this directly results in reduction of the value of their work and worth (Devries et al. 2014). The male dominant society always regarded women and children as the properties of men. In the modern society the toys which are provided for girls are barbies and dolls where as boys are provided with action figures of Superman and Batman. This concept evidently results in the girls have a more boy conscious image whereas boys develop a sense of aggression. The phrase of doing something like a girl is often regarded as an insult for boys where as comparing a girls physical activity with that of a boy is praise in the society. Since ancient time men have used products which cause intoxicate more as compared to that of women. In modern times also men are subjected to increased use of drug and alcohol as the consumption of these products is considered to be a trait of masculinity in the society. The incr eased use of such products destroys their thinking and reasoning capabilities and automatically causes increased aggression (Daoud et al.2016). Social position of genders at work The division of labor at work plays a major role in the existence of gender inequalities in the society. A split labor market prevails in Canada where women hold jobs having a lower income and status (Wathen, MacGregor and MacQuarrie 2015). The major work contributed by the women workforce is towards the household activities and only when there is economic crisis in the family do the women engage in outside work. Women in Canada only earns 61% of the total income earned by men in respected positions and when it comes to lower status jobs women earn 73% of that of the men (Gerber 2014). When it comes to full time and high wages jobs women occupy only 20% of the positions. The wages received by women as compared to that of men. However in the recent time due to increased education and increased effort to bring in equality between genders the participation of women work force has increased. The wages of women as compared to that of men is increasing by a penny every year since the last decade and women are gradually gaining a stronger social position at work from what they had been subjected to previously. Whereas men who have a higher rate of alcohol and drug addiction are not able to meet the expectation of their role towards their families in the society (Gerber 2014). Relation of social construction and perception of society towards domestic violence As men are regarded as the main providers of the family in the society they have an increased pressure to meet the family demands and in case they fail to do so they often believe that they would lose the dominance they have over the family. In order to reestablish their position they use this aggression to cause harm to the family members specially the women in form of domestic violence. As they have always been the dominant gender in the society they cannot accept the situation when the other gender looks down upon them which results in extreme jealousy, anger and emotional outburst eventually causing domestic violence (Daoud et al. 2016). The traditional belief that women are not equal to men makes them think that men have the right to control women. Men also inherit this thinking and behavior from the way they are brought up. These dominant behaviors are so common that mostly all households face it and the boys learn to be aggressive and the girls learn not to oppose such situations as a normal part of living (Kaukinen and Powers 2015). Domestic violence can take from of sexual, emotional as well as physical abuse. When there is economic crisis men are not able to provide properly for their family and may be subjected to an inferior feeling and order to re establish their supremacy they take the help of aggression and cause domestic violence. Social norms of the society play an important role towards the perception of women in the low income group of society towards domestic violence. Women are regarded as nurturers in the society therefore they abstain from opposing to the violent behavior they face. They accept the norms of the society that men are aggressive and it is their nature to show aggression (Senn et al. 2014). Most of the cases of domestic violence in the country are not reported to the police. Women who are not able to provide for themselves are dependent on their male partners for necessities do not have the scope of reporting the cases of domestic violence as they are afraid to end the relationship and to cause harm to their intimate partners (Evetts 2014). The male dominant society treats the cases of domestic violence as normal course of living and women are often baled for the violent act committed by their partners. The society also is accustomed to male aggression as a result of drug and alcohol use and their acts during intoxication are often ignored by the society when it comes to domestic violence (Kuokkanen 2015). Conclusions Domestic violence in the society is not just a factor of great concern but in the recent times has become a factor of grave concern. Although crime rates are decreasing gradually in Canada the cases of domestic violence are still on the rise. The most significant factor about domestic violence cases in the country is that they are not reported to the proper authority and therefore proper action is not taking against such cases. For the proper development of women and children in the society the issue of rising domestic violence has to be addressed with utmost importance. Recommendations A proper framework is needed so that the cases of domestic violence can be reported to the concerned authorities The women must be made aware of the fact that domestic violence is not a normal course of living and they have the legal right to oppose it. Society must have the responsibility to introduce equality among the gender by providing equally opportunities to both men and women in education and work. References Alaggia, R., Gadalla, T.M., Shlonsky, A., Jenney, A. and Daciuk, J., 2015. Does differential response make a difference: examining domestic violence cases in child protection services.Child Family Social Work,20(1), pp.83-95. Benoit, C., Shumka, L., Phillips, R., Kennedy, M.C. and Belle-Isle, L., 2015.Issue brief: Sexual violence against women in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Status of Women Canada. Retrieved from https://www. swc-cfc. gc. ca/svawc-vcsfc/issue-brief-en. pdf. Daoud, N., Matheson, F.I., Pedersen, C., Hamilton-Wright, S., Minh, A., Zhang, J. and OCampo, P., 2016. Pathways and trajectories linking housing instability and poor health among low-income women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV): Toward a conceptual framework.Women Health,56(2), pp.208-225. Devries, K.M., Child, J.C., Bacchus, L.J., Mak, J., Falder, G., Graham, K., Watts, C. and Heise, L., 2014. Intimate partner violence victimization and alcohol consumption in women: a systematic review and meta?analysis.Addiction,109(3), pp.379-391. Devries, K.M., Mak, J.Y., Garcia-Moreno, C., Petzold, M., Child, J.C., Falder, G., Lim, S., Bacchus, L.J., Engell, R.E., Rosenfeld, L. and Pallitto, C., 2013. The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women.Science,340(6140), pp.1527-1528. Evetts, J., 2014.Women and career: themes and issues in advanced industrial societies. Routledge. Gerber, L.M., 2014. Education, employment, and income polarization among Aboriginal men and women in Canada.Canadian Ethnic Studies,46(1), pp.121-144. Kaukinen, C.E. and Powers, R.A., 2015. The role of economic factors on womens risk for intimate partner violence: a cross-national comparison of Canada and the United States.Violence against women,21(2), pp.229-248. Kuokkanen, R., 2015. Gendered Violence and Politics in Indigenous Communities: The Cases of Aboriginal People in Canada and the Sami in Scandinavia.International Feminist Journal of Politics,17(2), pp.271-288. Senn, C.Y., Eliasziw, M., Barata, P.C., Thurston, W.E., Newby-Clark, I.R., Radtke, H.L. and Hobden, K.L., 2014. Sexual violence in the lives of first-year university women in Canada: no improvements in the 21st century.BMC women's health,14(1), p.135. Wathen, C.N., MacGregor, J.C. and MacQuarrie, B.J., 2015. The impact of domestic violence in the workplace: results from a pan-Canadian survey.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,57(7), pp.e65-e71.

Effective and Ineffective listening free essay sample

There are many effective communication strategies in everyday life. For instance effective communication helps us better understand a person or situation and enables us to resolve differences, building trust, respect, and problem solving. As simple as communication seems, much of what we try communication with to others, and what others try to communicate to us, gets misunderstood which can cause conflict and frustration in personal and professional relationships. Listening is one of the most important aspects of effective communication. Successful listening means not just understanding the words or the information being communicated, but also understanding how the speaker feels about what they are communicating. You can make the speaker feel heard and understood, which can help build a stronger, deeper connection between two people. When creating a safe environment people are able to express ideas, opinions, feelings, and or problem solve in creative ways. Saving time by helping clarify information avoids conflict and misunderstanding. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective and Ineffective listening or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And also relieving negative feelings can allow for real understanding or problem solving to begin. Some of these keys of effective communication can be used in examples of everyday life. Under my observation in my work establishment there is much customer service that is used with my coworkers. There was one customer who came in wondering around the store looking aimlessly at various items in a confused matter. My 6 co-worker noticing his gestures gave her the idea that maybe he is looking for something that we may or may not have. So she went up to him and kindly asked him, â€Å"Is there anything I can help you with or can I help you look for something? † And to that response made him at ease and his worrisome demeanor faded and asked her, ‘where the diapers were? ’ She replied, ‘no problem I can show you where they are. ’ She led him over to the aisle where the diapers were and replied, ‘thank you so much for helping me find them! I was hoping I can find them here! ’ I thought that this displayed effective communication by her noticing his body language and addressing the situation with customer service that we use on a day to day basis. By listening to the customers wants and communicating with him in end result of a satisfied customer. Ineffective communication is an imbalance of effective skills needed to communicate with another person. People not listening due to distractions, language, or lack of respect can hold back conversation between two people. For example, a woman came into my work establishment wearing a Bluetooth device which impairs her listening skills and any kind of acknowledgment towards my co- worker. In the end result with the lack of respect towards my coworker she gives little communication towards the woman. It ended with frustration with my coworker and portrayed bad customer service on her part. I too have ineffective communication capabilities from day dreaming or being side tracked. Those two are probably my weakest points. Where I work at, probably one of the busiest gas stations in Kenosha there are a lot of situations that may occur. And due to bad communication from management towards me it has me as portrayed as an irresponsible employee. But I couldn’t put all the blame on my management considering I do have my own faults. Another example is that my manager called the store and told me to prepay 40 dollars for her. So with that should be my first intention to complete that task instead I was side tracked by talking to my coworker on what should we eat. I can even say maybe it was also in result from lack of respect and importance I have for my manager. But from time to time I to display ineffective communication. Good communication skills are key to success in life, work, and relationships. Without effective communication, a message can turn into error, misunderstanding, frustration, or even disaster by being misinterpreted or poorly delivered. With life experiences that I encounter I try to use effective communication skills to better myself and to thrive on a better educational enhanced future.

Can You Do It? A Few Ways to Describe Your Career Goals and Your Potential Contribution to Your Community

Can You Do It? A Few Ways to Describe Your Career Goals and Your Potential Contribution to Your CommunityThe most important thing you should be able to do when describing your career goals and your potential contribution to your community is to keep it as short as possible. Here are a few ways to do this:* Begin by explaining the steps that led you to your current position and then tell about your own specific career interests. You could also mention the interests of your spouse, children or the people who are closest to you. For example, if you are in the field of education, you might state: 'I want to teach...I would like to take a special interest in...in the subject of...education.'* When you begin to talk about your work, use examples and quotes from personal experiences. You can even draw on work by leading experts in your field or on the work you have done before. Try to be as specific as possible in describing your career goals and your potential contribution to your communit y.* Describe your passions and interests. You can share them with the audience you are addressing. Using the same examples and quotes you used earlier, you can explain your point to a group of businesspeople. But remember that you can't communicate directly with one another.* Identify three to five areas where you are good at and discuss what you would do to achieve career goals in those areas. For example, if you have several talents such as playwriting, marketing, creative writing, transcription, teaching and speaking, describe them to a group of people. You might make up a job application that you could present.* What are some of the areas where you need more help to meet your career goals? You might have developed specific skills in areas such as playwriting, marketing, creative writing, classroom teaching, physical science, accounting, engineering and other technical skills. Take a moment to discuss these areas with the group you are addressing.* Share your strengths, and use e xamples of your best work to illustrate your career goals. For example, if you have written well on many topics and you want to become a speechwriter, you could discuss this in terms of an opportunity to improve your creative writing.When you speak in front of a group of people who are the people you need to become to meet your career goals and your potential contribution to your community, be sure that you stay focused on your goals and that your presentation is clear and to the point. The people who are listening will enjoy your presentation and your career goals and their contributions will serve as encouragement for you in your journey.

Causes Of The American Revolution Essays (1502 words) -

Causes Of The American Revolution CHAPTER 2, Q1: What are the decisive events and arguments that produced the American Revolution? It was the best of times, it was the worst of times (Charles Dickens). This best describes the Americas in the 1700's. The settler's went through the best of times from obtaining religious freedom, to becoming prosperous merchants, and finally to establishing a more democratic government. However, it was the worst of times in the sense that the settlers in the America's were taken advantage of my their mother country, England. The hatred of being under another's control was one of the main reason's that led to the American Revolution. In the 1600's, England began to colonize America. King James I had urged those against the Church of England, such as the Puritans, to settle in America. Many settlers came to America to obtain religious freedom. Merchants settle din America to profit off the land since land was free or cheap at the time. Settling in America gave people hopes and dreams that they can do something with their lives. Even indentured servants had the hope of someday owning land as soon as they were done with their service. It was unlikely but they had hope. The Atlantic Ocean made communications hard between England and the colonies. Because of the difficulties in communication, the colonists developed an independent spirit. Harvard College allowed most Americans to read protests against British injustice printed in papers, pamphlets, and books. The college provided education and writings of Greek philosophers such at John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. The ideas of these Greek philosophers that men were created equal dwelled in these colonists mind. England expected the American Colonies to serve it's economic interests, and it regulated colonial trade. In general, the colonists accepted British regulations. For example, they agreed not to manufacture goods that would compete with British products. Things began to change in the 1700's. England had largely neglected the administration of the American Colonies while it fought France in a series of wars during the 1700's. But after the French and Indian War ended, the British government sought to tighten it's control over the colonies in fear that the colonies have gotten too powerful. The treaty of 1763 ending this war made England master of Canada and of the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. The chief motive had been nation advantage: but as one of the results the 13 colonies might now live in peace. George Grenville, Britain's prime minister in 1763, did not concede that the colonists had any political rights. He now sough ways to make the colonies most profitable to England at the least expense. Settlers were pouring into the Ohio Valley, and land speculators were busy with schemes for opening the country won at so great a sacrifice from the French. Such activity excited the worst fears of the Indians. That year, a great chieftain, Pontiac united the tribes and led them in a series of destructive raids on the advancing frontier. Britain feared a long and bloody Indian war, which it could not afford. To quiet the Indians, England issued the Proclamation of 1763. This decree prohibited settlers from buying lands beyond a line that ran through the sources of the rivers flowing into the Atlantic. England, it seemed, meant to favor the Indians and the fur traders. It would do so at the expense of the pioneer, the land speculator, and the colony whose charter gave it a claim to a section of the interior extending westward to the Mississippi River. But the settlements east of the Proclamation Line were not to be neglected. For their defense England decided to station a large army o n the frontier. England decreed that the colonies should contribute toward the expense of this protection by paying taxes imposed by Parliament. The Americans having been accustomed to self-government, strongly resisted the new laws, especially tax laws. The Sugar Act placed a three-penny tax on each gallon of molasses entering the colonies from ports outside the British Empire. Several Northern colonies had thriving run industries that depended on imported molasses. Run producers angrily protested that tax would eat up their profits. The

Victors Thoughts of Correct Morality essays

Victors Thoughts of Correct Morality essays In Frankenstein, a fiction novel by Mary Shelly, Dr Frankenstein believes that it is morally correct to create a horrifying creature that has no sense of life. Once the creature is born, Victor is petrified by the terrifying and devilish looks of his monster. Stepping backwards, as a sign of horror. Dr Frankenstein then believes that his monster is capable and will destroying the real world, as well as his own. Victors judgment guides him throughout his adventures; it is his faulty morality that dooms him. Dr Frankenstein is threatening by his own creation, he is blame for mal-education and lack of care and love. Victor based his whole life on his own reasoning and beliefs; he never believed that he could be wrong, accused of acts that seamed to him perfectly correct. Guided by his dreams, Victor moves forward with his family. However, the monster steps up, later in the story, and forces Dr Frankenstein to create him a companion. Victors creation feels extremely lonely during all these long years, the Doctor never cared or showed any love for his invention, all he believed, was that it was a mistake and endangerment for the population or even his family. Therefore, the gigantic monster decides to threaten victor taking his family as victims. He forces him to create another creature so that he can finally have a lifetime companions. He feared human and believed that he could never be like them. Dr Frankenstein, terrified by those comments, fears to lapse into the realm of the insane, so theoretically he follows the orders. Victor was left with two choices, when the monster threatened him. Either the monster berried his family or the entire population was going to perish. Dr Frankenstein believes that it would be more proper, to let the monster destroy the world, while he saves his family for death. Your Threats cannot move me to an act of wickedness; but they confirm me in determination of mal creating ...

The benefits and effects of steroids for asthma pateints Assignment

The benefits and effects of steroids for asthma pateints - Assignment Example Low dose of corticosteroids can prevent occurrence of any risks and help to receive more benefits from this treatment. However, this positive effect of inhaled corticosteroids observed in combination with low doses of bronchodilators. Asthma is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Asthma is one of the pathological diseases that related to changing in the airway resistance. High number of people affected with asthma all over the world and this amount keep growing. Asthma appeared in western countries as a serious public health problem over the last 20 years. Asthma symptoms are different from one person to another and most common on early morning and at night. They emerged as cough, wheezing, breathing difficulties and chest tightness.asthma.There are several risk factors for asthma. There are predisposing, contributory, causal and aggravating factors. Gender and atopy are associated with predisposing factors. House dust, insects, pets and fungus and some occupational factors can induce asthma symptoms. Medicines, food additives and birthing cold air can trigger to asthma disease. These factors related to the aggravating risk factors. There are 5 genes in the human genome linked with asthma phenotypes,s o asthma is a genetic disorder. Further investigations in genetic predisposition can help to find new effective treatment. ( H. Los, 1999). Asthma is widespread all over the world. In low and high developed countries. The most important role in asthma appearance is air pollution. Asthma cases are increasing worldwide, especially in the UK and The USA. According to World Health Organization statistic 235 million people live with asthma all over the world. The figure 1 below show the prevalence of asthma in different countries (Masoli, M, 2004). Nocturnal asthma: Forced vital capacity, volume of air that person can forcefully exhale at 1 second (FEV1) at night is decreased. Among 75% of asthmatics usually has

Worker compensation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Worker compensation - Essay Example nd the companies with modified duty programme to be better, and for these reason insurance companies normally lower the business workers’ compensation premiums for such companies. Placing the injured employees into modified work programme makes the employees to realize that time off of work is a rare event, and not a paid vacation. This move in consequence discourages the employees dishonestly requesting for paid vacations. Another advantage of implementing modified duty programme is that the employees will work within their ability, thus helping the Company to getting productive work its employees; the modified duty programme also makes the employees to return to their regular jobs faster. Modified duty programme also allows the employees to easily get into their normal routine, thus preventing the employees from being overwhelmed with work. This programme also makes the employees to feel important and appreciated by the Company for which they work. The employees under the mo dified work programme are paid by the Company and they are allowed to resume their work earlier. Modified duty programme also helps Companies to maintain a well-informed workforce, which of big advantage to the Company. An effective light/modified duty programme gives a detailed description of each work done in the work place. Since supervisors and managers are aware of the work being done within a business organization, they can make a list of all work done in the business organization. There is need for uniformity on the format for how everything is written down and described in the Company. With this kind of information, employees can easily find jobs that suit injured employees. Bearing in mind the common workplace injuries, the employees can plan beforehand on what kinds of jobs can be done with the employees with certain injuries. There is need for effective communication between the medical providers and the Company in which the Company informs the medical providers of the kind

New Public Management and Health Sector Reforms

New Public Management and Health Sector Reforms Q. What is New Public Management? Explain the concept and application in relation to health sector reforms across developed and developing countries. 1. Introduction In the contemporary era, neo-liberal policies are given weightage attributing to their stance of limiting the work of government in the economy and its ability to introduce efficiency and effectiveness. We now witness an emerging trend of adopting neoliberal policies. The New Public Management is, therefore based on the neo-liberal views and attempts to introduce private sector efficiency in the public sector of a particular country. The use of New Public Management (NPM) has led to use of tools like decentralization, privatization, contractualism, total quality management, performance related pay etc. While adoption of NPM seems an attractive option for various economies, its applicability and success in developing and developed nations is highly debated upon. Popular examples reveal that the NPM techniques are likely to fail in developing nations because they do not have the preconditions required to harbor NPM. However, the success of NPM techniques purely depends upon the environ ment within which it is implemented and on the compatibility of the techniques with the countrys norms and values. This essay therefore aims to assess the applicability and success of NPM approaches in the case of developing and developed countries. The essay will begin with literature review that will emphasize on what paved the way towards NPM, definitional aspects of NPM and implementation of NPM as a steady reform process. The essay will then illustrate the case studies of Norway and Chile and analyze the degree to which NPM was successful in the two countries. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Road to New Public Management For long now, the public sector setup has been under pressure to bring about efficiency by adopting more market oriented and private sector practices (Dunleavy Hood, 1994). This has been argued to be due to multiple factors such as economic and fiscal dilemmas that brought about the need for states increased role in the economy (Ferlie, et al., 1996). The public sector crisis in the developed economies led to the search for new ways of organizing the public services and hence, redefining the role of the state to encourage competition and market oriented approaches. States indulgence in market type approaches in order to treat the problematic public sector led to the promotion of marketization, that was ought to be more efficient and effective as it tend to keep in mind needs of the individuals and consumers. The shift towards New Public Management (NPM) started in 1970s and 1980s in UK, under Margaret Thatchers regime when she called for the readjustment of the iron industry, and in US municipal government who were agonized at the hands of economic recession and tax revolts. NPM practices were next adopted by Australia and New Zealand, which brought NPM into limelight and brought them on the agenda of OECD countries. It was not until then, theorists started to identify the common characteristics of what is known as New Public Management today (Dunsire, 1995). 2.2 Defining New Public Management Advocates of the traditional bureaucratic system declared the term New Public Management as a misnomer at its very emergence. There have been claims that what is characterized to be New Public Management is practiced in the public sector since quite long now and thus, there is nothing new in the practice. Moreover, it is also argued that NPM tends to target the core values of the public sector an, is therefore little about public management and more of an attempt to wipe out public administration as a subject in social sciences (Farazmand, 2000). However, despite heavy criticism and attempts to minimize its use in the field of public administration by traditional bureaucrats, there is consensus among scholars that NPM tends to dominate majority of contemporary era public settings. New Public Management, in itself, is a reform process, undertaken at the administrative level where structural, organizational and managerial changes are targeted in the public sector. As per Pillott (2011), it is a bunch of management appraoches and techniques and a vission, an ideology. Thus, NPM basically is a set of mangerial actions generated from the private sector and applied in the public sector in order to yield similar level of effciency and effectiveness. Different scholars tend to provide different ideas for conceptualising NPM. Hood (1991) however, brings them under a common banner by summarising the key elements of NPM under 7 main characteristics. He claims that NPM is inclusive of; entrepreneurial management rather than traditional b ureacracy, as highlighted by Clarke Newman (1993), benchmarked standards and performance measures as highlighted by Oshborne, et al. (1995), pays attention to output control as highlighted by Boyne (1999), calls for shift towards decentralization as highlighted by Pollitt, et al. (1998), advocates competition in public sector workings, superiority of private sector style of working as highlighted by Wilcox Harrow (1992) and advocates discipline in the allocation of resources as highlighted by Metcalf Richards (1990). Thus, NPM is inclusive of privatization, decentralization, outsourcing, contractionalism, competitive mechanisms like performance related pay, total quality management etc. Scholars argue that New Public Management has therefore, emerged in response to the Old Public Management and in order to understand NPM, it is of utmost importance that we fitst understand Old Public Management and its principles. Old Public Management is in line with the ideas of Max Webers bureaucratic setup. It emphasises on exante and procedural control and the traditional hierarchial setup where functions are divided among different functional units (Osborne Gaebler, 1993). While the old public management was based on strict hierarchies and rules, new public management looks into political and accountable management and thus advocates contracts and market superiority. Morover, while old public management used stability and permanence at its very foundation, new public management is based on contracts. Institutionalisation is at the very core of Old Public Management, whereas new public management requires more of strategic management and thus doenst require strict institutiona ization (Peters, 1996). 2.3 NPM as a Reform Process Many scholars shed light upon reform process that has incorporated elements of new public management in the public sector. Advocates have argued that public settings can achieve their goals if flexibility is introduced in the system and public officers are given significant autonomy. This will not only lead to effective management of the functions of the units but also enhance the performance of departments and agencies working together in a contractual capacity. Autonomy will therefore allow them control their resources and use them in the best possible manner as to achieve the required results. Hence, it will enable department to make best use of private sector tools such as contracting, outsourcing, accrual accounting, total quality management, user survey etc. (Osborne Plastrick, 1997). While the bureaucratic systems are rigid and answer back to orders, decentralization and autonomy will allow creative thinking by pushing the decision making authority down the hierarchy. Thus NP M has been able to promote accountability though encouraging shared missions and systems, by freeing organizations from the control of central agencies and allowing workers to adopt a problem solving approach (Osborne Plastrick, 1997). A large number of developing countries are still trying to make use of NPM approaches in the public sector. For e.g. Malaysia has adopted Total Quality Management in their production processes in order to minimize wastage and ensure good quality of products (Fei, 2003). However, the implementation and spread of the NPM process has not be unanimous around the globe. The major differences have been as per the context of the country. While some countries have resisted to NPM attributing to the strong bureaucratic culture, others have just restored their national initiatives under the label of NPM, when in essence old public management is still followed there. Thus, adoption and introduction of NPM is seen as a complex process where the context within which the country is, matters (Christensen Laegreid, 2006). Adoption of NPM has also differed as per the nature of the countries being developing and developed. While the process was initiated by developed countries at the first place, the ir public sectors are now stable with accomplished NPM practices for e.g. in the case British health care system. Moreover, developed economies tend to meet the preconditions, such as well function markets and economic development, required for the implementation of NPM principles. However, the implementation in developing countries has been troublesome. It is argued that developing nations are still struggling to stabilize their economies, ensure imposition of rule of law and instill proper bureaucratic structures, that introduction neo-liberal techniques disrupts the entire process and causes instability (Akhtar, 2016). Hughes (1998) argue that implementation of NPM in developing countries may yield opposite results than what is required. While NPM approaches may be adopted to promote greater transparency and eradicate corruption, a greater degree of autonomy to officers may lead to chances of corruption. Similarly, in case of contracting out, absence of appropriate laws and rules can limit the use of contracts as they may not be fulfilled in their true essence. Moreover, it is also claimed that there is not standard model for implementing NPM in totality, across the countries. Developing countries, especially, tend to adopt particular elements of NPM that are best suited and are most beneficial for them. Two popular and evident elements adopted as a part of NPM have been privatization, downsizing. Moreover, corporatization has been an another successful element of NPM for e.g. in the case of African countries where customs and income tax departments have been merged together under the corporatized national revenue authorities, which has brought about internal efficiency in the unit (Chand Moene, 1999). 2.4 Implementing NPM inspired Reforms Different schools of thought draw upon various theories in order to explain the adoption and implementation of reforms that are inspired by NPM. Olsen (1992) provides 2 main reasons for the implementation of NPM techniques. He argues that NPM techniques can be adopted by countries as internationally set standards and examples only because they have become a prevailing trend. Such a change will only be based on pressure and will take place as a part of diffusion process. Secondly he suggests that NPM techniques can be implemented because of the dire need to introduce technical efficiency and hence, it would serve as the optimal solution to the large array of problems existent in the very department. A contrary view, however, argues that the NPM techniques adopted must be in line with the national norms and values held by the countrys public sector. Thus, this makes applicability of all the elements of NPM difficult and only a few elements remain relevant considering the situation from country to country. It is argued that if this is not ensured, the changes introduced may be incompatible with the setting and thus would lead to conflicts among stakeholders within the public sector. NPM elements are not in line with the traditional norms and values of the public sector and this may lead to agitation among officers making it difficult to implement the reforms. Thus, it is of utmost importance that reforms are introduced such that they integrate with the existing culture of the public setup (Selznick, 1984). 2.5 NPM in Health Care Sector A wide variety of literature provides us with insight into how NPM is being incorporated in the health sector or various developed as well as developing economies. However, Cairney (2002) in his study specifies the difficulties in assessing the usefulness of NPM approaches in the health care sector of economies around the globe. He specifies that this can be attributed to lack of data available to carry out the study and as well as the geographical differences that make it difficult to form a standardized analysis. Literature however reveals that health care reform efforts have proved to be little fruitful in African countries. In Ghana, according to Larbi 1998, structural changes have made few alterations to the popular practices. Management has limited autonomy, government doesnt have the capacity to reach performance targets, and IT systems are obsolete to measure the performance. African health systems do not have enough funds to support the NPM scheme, which makes it difficult t o bring about change. Any efficiency gains fail to bridge the gap between resources need and availability. Hence, the budget allocation serves as the only way to ensure whether performance targets can be met or not. This is a popular example of issues face by developing countries when implementing NPM reforms. 3. Case Study: Norway Vs Chile 3.1 NPM and Health Sector Reforms in Norway Norway being a welfare state and a developed economy has believed in the equal access of services to its people, irrespective of the socio-economic status of the individual and this therefore has been true in case of their health sector as well. The Norwegian health system is structured into 3 levels: national or state level, the 4 health regions and municipalities. While at the state level, Ministry of Health ensure policy making, the health regions and municipalities implement the policies. The major health sector reforms in Norway were undertaken in 2002 and before that the system was just a tax based decentralized version of British NHS. As Selznick (1984) theorises about the context within which reforms are implemented, weak evironmental pressures in Norway made it difficult to implement reforms at the first place. Although, Norway is a developed country, it is a welfare state as well which holds strong central control in order to ensure the welfare of its people. Their Rechssta at culture and norms were less compatible with the values of NPM. However, post 1990s when the devolution culture started gaining popularity, reforms within healthcare seemed more inevitable. The Norwegian Healthcare Sector experienced the introduction of Unitary management systems, with quasi markets and performance measurements models through principles of free patients choices. Other reforms included, the activity based funding system based on diagnosis and a more comprehensive and transparent quality control system. The most important reform that was inline with NPM was, hospitals being introduced as enterprises, which seemed as a shift towarsd neoliberal and private sector models. Five regional health enterprises were formed which were independent entities with their own boards and managing directors. The main aim in doing so was to devolve managerial processes in order to enhance efficiency to sub-levels in the hospital. Moreover, it aimed to stimulate the flow of information in order to enhance efficiency and ensure financial responsibility is delegated evenly among the health objectives. The structural changes were intended to minimize the impact traditional bureaucratic structure and introduce private sector like management and efficiency. However, the Ministry of Health was responsible for appointing the board which depicts that in pratice the control remained in the center, as ministry controlled the boards at an arms length. Thus, the reforms that aimed to devolve power to the lower levels actually ended up creating a hybrid which included both the elements of devolution as well as centralisation. The central government ensured that the ministry maintains control through the use of article of association, contracts and throguh regular enterprise meetings. In addition to this the allocation of resources in the form of funds was also controlled by the government. A performance monitoring system was implemented that included issuance of task sheets mentioning objectives that were to be fulfilled. Contracts too mentioned targets and objectives for the employees and results were measured using quantitative indicators. The reforms were implemented at the first place to improve resource utilization and coordination so that easy and equal access to health care can be ensured for norwegian citizens. However, the confussion in division of responsibility only increased the use of resources while leavinf financial problems. While the devolution meant that counties were suppose to be the owners of health care, in practice the enterprises were heavily influenced by the central governement. In this confussion, counties exercised their control in multiple ways. While some practiced management by objectives (a popular element of NPM), others just practiced excessive control over the hospitals. Thus, NPM approach was falling apart in Norwegian Healthcare System and what was required was clearly defined targets and goals for the hospitals and roles for every tier in the system. While changes were made to the structure, no significant change was made to the financing methods. Policy frameworks dictate management procedures of the enterprises, which means that enterprises still work on direction of the central government. The culture of responding to superiors, rather creative approach to problem solving, still maintains. Thus, introductin of NPM techniques and approaches were a myth in Norwegian Healthcare System. This can be referred back to Selznicks (1984) as well as Christensen Laegreids (2006) theory. The context within which NPM was implemented was resisting the change. Norway being a welfare state had central control in its core foundations. Thus, in such a situation, not the ability to implement the reforms is relevant, rather the environment within which it is implemented and its acceptance are of greater concern. 3.2 NPM and Healthcare Reforms in Chile Chile being a developing nation in Latin America, was one of the first few country which began its health sector reform at the earliest. Chile has been known fro adopting NPM techniques and incorporating them in their health sector in order to introduce efficiency. Since the health reforms in 1980s ensured decentralization of the services such that 13 regionald and 26 local health service divisions were formed which held administrative responsibility of the health care system. Each of the decentralisaed units were therefore responsible for curative and presventive services. Just like other secotors of economy, health care in Chile also experienced privatization of public health care system and promotion of market oriented privtae health insurance plans that came to be known as ISAPREs (Berman Bossert, 2000). Although these were privately administered, their funds were still taken out from wage withholdings and employer contributions. Chile reformed its health sector into a dual heal th care system where citizen had the option to either cover their health expense through National Health Insurance Fund or through private health insurance companies. The national health insurance scheme is funded by the government, through acquiring revenues through taxation. The duality in the health care system has therefore caused private and public health care to have different objectives rather than common goals. While the public insurance scheme focuses on primary services, private insurance schemes focus on secondary and territiary services. Primary services are however, decentralised to municipalities. The duality in the health care system, however, ensured that the low income poor individuals of the country have easy access to health care facilities. Moreover, the public sector not only served as the provider of the health facilities but also ensured that it offers large scale easy access of health facilties to all (Berman Bossert, 2000). Moreover, Chiles reforms were a l egitimate process which systematically separated that health service provision and regulation, imposed regulation on private health provision, and ensured fund raising to finance the health care scheme. On the other hand, reforms established proper monitoring mechanisms which included inspections by independent agencies, of financial department and quality assurance of the health care units working in Chile. The reform process in Chile, therefore has not been withouth crtitique. NPM techniques like private health care schemes brought about positive changes in the health results as the infant mortality rate significantly went down in Chile. In addition ot this, there reforms also positively contributed towards improving life expectancy and, nutrition and sanitation. While the NPM techniques seem to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the services, the reforms were criticised for harbouring inequality (Bruce, n.d.). As the health insurance is funded from wage withholding, poor who did not have enough income could not pay for the secondary and teritiary health services provided by the private sector. Chile being one of the first Latin American country to adopt market oriented approaches in the health sector reforms, provides an example of how health reforms should be adopted. Limited success and agitation against the reforms in Chile can be attributed to its nature of being developi ng. Chile had undergone military dictatorship where the government struture had not have the opportuity to stabilise. Thus, Chiles environment and context make it difficult for the NPM techniques to work out beause for NPM techniques require a well functioning market and economic development to be successful. However, Chiles health sector was succesfully marked by privatization of helth care fields, economic stability and international environement that made neoliberalist reforms inevitable. Conclusion Conclusively, we have established the success of NPM techniques in countries depend upon the environement within which they are implement and the degree of resistance they face. It s of utmost importance that the norms and values of the country are compatible with that of the NPM based reform, otherwise reforms are likely to face resistance. For e.g. a country which a centralised economy and a strong bureacratic structure is less likely to accept privatization of central machinery. This has also been explained by Christensen Laegreid (2006) and Selznick (1984) in their theoretical frameworks. Thus, in the case of Norway and Chile, while one was a developed country while the other was developing, both faced difficulties in successfully implementing the NPM techniques. Even after the implementation, the reforms were able to achieve little which can be attribute to the incompatibility of the reforms with the environment within which they were applied. Thus, it is of utmost importance t hat reform process if backed by a preliminary study that ensure the applicability of the reforms and reflects upon the expected success rate of the reform in the particular country. Akhtar, S., 2016. Academia.edu. [Online] Available at: http://www.academia.edu/8099444/Application_of_New_Public_Management_in_Developed_vs_Developing_Countries Berman, P. A. Bossert, T. J., 2000. Learned? 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